【摘要】：漢語拼音是識字、學(xué)習(xí)普通話、閱讀以及寫作的有效工具。漢語拼音是小學(xué)語文最先教學(xué)的內(nèi)容,因其字母符號的形狀抽象而很難被六七歲的孩子接受。而拼音學(xué)習(xí)的效果會對學(xué)生后期的語文學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生很大的影響,甚至還起著決定性的作用,因此,拼音教學(xué)的研究對于語文課程教學(xué)研究來說有重大意義。語文教學(xué)改革歷經(jīng)多年的發(fā)展,取得了一定的成績,但是漢語拼音教學(xué)改革的效果卻不盡如人意,仍存在形式化、低效化的現(xiàn)狀。拼音教學(xué)過程中,教師教得累、學(xué)生學(xué)得苦、教學(xué)效果差、社會反映大、研究突破難的現(xiàn)狀長期以來一直困擾著教育者和學(xué)習(xí)者。究其原因,主要是因為部分學(xué)校教師的素質(zhì)差,英語學(xué)習(xí)帶來的干擾,教學(xué)內(nèi)容設(shè)計陳舊,教學(xué)反饋不及時以及社會使用欠規(guī)范造成的。為了解決目前小學(xué)漢語拼音教學(xué)低效甚至無效的現(xiàn)實困境,筆者以羅杰斯的人本主義學(xué)習(xí)理論和施瓦布的實踐性課程開發(fā)理論為指導(dǎo),遵循整合三維目標(biāo)、體現(xiàn)學(xué)生主體、提升學(xué)生層次、預(yù)設(shè)與生成的統(tǒng)一等“有效教學(xué)”原則,充分借鑒國內(nèi)眾多一線小學(xué)語文教師的漢語拼音教學(xué)經(jīng)驗和大批教育學(xué)家、心理學(xué)家、語言學(xué)家的研究成果,并結(jié)合筆者多年的教學(xué)實踐,提出了提高小學(xué)漢語拼音教學(xué)有效性的策略:提升教師的語言素質(zhì);深入理解教學(xué)目標(biāo);合理安排教學(xué)內(nèi)容;科學(xué)優(yōu)化教學(xué)過程�？茖W(xué)優(yōu)化教學(xué)過程方面,又提出可以從七個方面入手:運用直觀手段,突破發(fā)音難點;引入課堂游戲,激發(fā)語言思維;運用現(xiàn)代媒體,掌握拼讀技巧;緊密聯(lián)系實際,教學(xué)回歸生活;消除方言障礙,追求發(fā)音純正;滲入人文教育,加深拼音記憶;結(jié)合古詩古韻,鞏固發(fā)音規(guī)律。多年的教學(xué)實踐探索與研究表明,采用以上策略與方法,可以突破小學(xué)漢語拼音教學(xué)的“瓶頸”,實現(xiàn)小學(xué)漢語拼音教學(xué)由低效向高效的轉(zhuǎn)化。
[Abstract]:Pinyin is an effective tool for literacy, learning Mandarin, reading and writing. Hanyu Pinyin is the first teaching content of Chinese in primary school. It is difficult to be accepted by six or seven-year-old children because of the abstract shape of its alphabet. The effect of pinyin learning will have a great impact on the students' later language learning, and even play a decisive role. Therefore, the study of Pinyin teaching is of great significance to the study of Chinese course teaching. After many years of development, Chinese teaching reform has made some achievements, but the effect of Chinese phonetic teaching reform is not satisfactory, there is still a formal, inefficient status quo. In the process of pinyin teaching, the teachers are tired, the students learn hard, the teaching effect is poor, the social reflection is big, the research breakthrough difficult situation has been puzzling educators and learners for a long time. The reasons are mainly due to the poor quality of some school teachers, the interference of English learning, the outdated design of teaching content, the lack of timely teaching feedback and the lack of standardization in social use. In order to solve the practical dilemma of inefficient or ineffective Chinese phonetic teaching in primary schools, the author, guided by Rogers' humanistic learning theory and Schwab's practical curriculum development theory, follows the three dimensional goal of integration and embodies the students' main body. To promote the students' level, the unity of presupposition and generation, and so on "effective teaching" principle, to draw lessons from the Chinese phonetic teaching experience of many primary school Chinese teachers in China and the research results of a large number of educators, psychologists and linguists. Combined with the author's teaching practice for many years, the author puts forward some strategies to improve the effectiveness of Chinese phonetic teaching in primary schools: improving the teachers' language quality, understanding the teaching objectives deeply, arranging the teaching contents reasonably, and optimizing the teaching process scientifically. In order to optimize the teaching process scientifically, it is put forward that we can start from seven aspects: using intuitive means to break through the difficulty of pronunciation; introducing classroom games to stimulate language thinking; using modern media to master spelling skills; connecting closely with reality. The teaching returns to life; eliminates the dialect barrier, pursues the pronunciation pure; infiltrates the humanities education, deepens the pinyin memory; unifies the ancient poem ancient rhyme, consolidates the pronunciation rule. Years of teaching practice and research show that the above strategies and methods can break through the "bottleneck" in the teaching of Pinyin in primary schools, and realize the transformation from low efficiency to high efficiency in the teaching of Chinese phonetic alphabet in primary schools.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G623.21

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