本文選題：小學(xué)生　切入點(diǎn)：圖形變換　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在科技迅速發(fā)展的當(dāng)今社會,對幾何學(xué)的要求越來越高,對空間幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的思維能力在很多領(lǐng)域都是非常必要的。中小學(xué)的教學(xué)工作作為優(yōu)秀人才培養(yǎng)的搖籃,也在不斷的加強(qiáng)與發(fā)展著幾何教學(xué)的體系。隨著歐美、俄羅斯、日本等國將動態(tài)幾何學(xué)納入了小學(xué)課本,我國于2010年的新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也對運(yùn)動的幾何學(xué)非常重視�！皥D形與變換”部分的教學(xué),成為了小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的重要組成部分。本研究以皮亞杰幾何發(fā)展理論、范希爾幾何認(rèn)知理論和教材理論為基礎(chǔ),對小學(xué)教材的編寫合理性進(jìn)行深入研究。在對不同兩地有代表性的四所小學(xué)的小學(xué)生進(jìn)行問卷檢測后,進(jìn)行大量的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),分析學(xué)生掌握“圖形與變換”知識的理解水平,來完善這部分的教材理論。筆者通過對北京師范大學(xué)版與人民教育出版社出版的兩種主流教材的對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多差異性的東西,顯然在教學(xué)側(cè)重點(diǎn),教學(xué)順序的分歧值得研究,并合理的優(yōu)化教材。筆者希望本研究可以為我國的基礎(chǔ)教育貢獻(xiàn)出自己的一份綿薄之力。通過本文的研究筆者得到了如下的主要結(jié)論：一：整體上二到六年級小學(xué)生的“圖形與變換”理解水平主要結(jié)論有：1 隨著年齡的升高對“圖形與變換”知識的理解程度越強(qiáng),對于知識的發(fā)展階段主要有3個階段階段一 小學(xué)二年級：學(xué)生大多處于幾何認(rèn)知的水平0,少數(shù)處在水平1。階段二 小學(xué)三到五年級：大部分學(xué)生處于幾何認(rèn)知水平的水平1階段,處在水平0與水平2階段的學(xué)生較少。階段三 小學(xué)六年級：學(xué)生主要發(fā)展到幾何認(rèn)知水平的水平2階段。2 男女性別差異,導(dǎo)致的理解水平差異不顯著。3 同年級學(xué)生的水平也略有差異。并且年級越低水平差異性越大,小學(xué)高年級差別較小。二：“圖形與變換”主要三部分內(nèi)容具體結(jié)論：1 平移在小學(xué)生的理解上最好,其次是對稱,旋轉(zhuǎn)問題最為復(fù)雜。2 對稱與平移問題比較直觀,小學(xué)二、三、四年級的學(xué)生都很好理解與習(xí)得。3 旋轉(zhuǎn)問題多涵蓋平移在其中,不易理解,適合五年級開始學(xué)習(xí),六年級綜合應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the requirement of geometry is getting higher and higher, and the thinking ability of spatial geometry structure is very necessary in many fields.As the cradle of the cultivation of outstanding talents, the teaching work of primary and middle schools is constantly strengthening and developing the system of geometry teaching.With the introduction of dynamic geometry into primary school textbooks in Europe and America, Russia and Japan, the new curriculum standards in 2010 also attach great importance to sport geometry.The teaching of Graphics and Transformation has become an important part of primary mathematics.Based on Piaget's theory of geometric development, van hill's theory of geometric cognition and textbook theory, this paper makes a deep study on the rationality of compiling textbooks in primary schools.After the questionnaire test on the pupils of four primary schools in different places, a large number of data and statistics are carried out, and the understanding level of the students' mastering the knowledge of "graphics and transformation" is analyzed to perfect this part of the textbook theory.By comparing the two kinds of mainstream textbooks published by Beijing normal University and people's Education Publishing House, the author finds a lot of differences, which are obviously focused on teaching, the difference of teaching order is worth studying, and the reasonable optimization of teaching materials.I hope this research can contribute to our basic education.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: firstly, the understanding level of "graphics and transformation" in grade two to six pupils on the whole is that the understanding level of "figure and transformation" is stronger with the increase of age, and the understanding level of "figure and transformation" is stronger with the increase of age.For the development of knowledge, there are three stages: the second grade of primary school: most of the students are at the level of geometric cognition 0, and the few at level 1.Stage 2 Primary School Grade 3 to Grade 5: most of the students are at level 1 of geometric cognition level, and less students are at level 0 and level 2.Stage 3 primary school grade six: students mainly develop to the level of geometric cognition level 2 stage .2 gender differences, resulting in no significant difference in the level of understanding of the same grade students' level is also slightly different.And the lower the grade is, the greater the difference is, the lower the grade is, the smaller the difference is.Two: "Graphics and Transformation" the main three parts of the concrete conclusion: 1 translation is the best in the understanding of primary school students, followed by symmetry, rotation is the most complex .2 symmetry and translation problem is more intuitive, primary school, two, three,The fourth grade students have a good understanding and acquisition of 3. 3 rotation problem covers translation in it, difficult to understand, suitable for the fifth grade to start learning, sixth grade comprehensive application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G623.5

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1729308