本文選題：小學(xué)生　切入點(diǎn)：數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：義務(wù)教育階段的數(shù)學(xué)課程是培養(yǎng)公民素質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)課程，因此對(duì)小學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)具有非常重要的價(jià)值和意義。然而在數(shù)學(xué)課程的學(xué)習(xí)中，數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤如影隨形，成為阻礙小學(xué)生學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)障礙，因此如何有效的規(guī)避數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤成了教師和學(xué)生共同面臨的“難題”。其實(shí)數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生并非偶然，如果人們能夠主動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)錯(cuò)誤，，并對(duì)錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)和分析，就能有效的規(guī)避數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生。然而在現(xiàn)實(shí)教育情境中，小學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤到底有哪些？導(dǎo)致這些數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤的原因又是什么？怎樣才能有效地規(guī)避這些數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤等，都是亟需研究和亟待解決的問(wèn)題。因此，筆者為探清小學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤及其規(guī)避，開(kāi)始了這趟研究之旅。 在研究過(guò)程中，筆者首先采用文獻(xiàn)法對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤的文獻(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行查閱和梳理，闡述了選題的緣由、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、核心概念的界定、研究的思路與方法以及研究的意義，為研究的順利進(jìn)行奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。其次，筆者采用產(chǎn)品分析法對(duì)濟(jì)南市某小學(xué)學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)及測(cè)試中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行收集和分析，從學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容角度出發(fā)將小學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤歸為不良習(xí)慣錯(cuò)誤、概念錯(cuò)誤、計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤、應(yīng)用題錯(cuò)誤四種類(lèi)型并結(jié)合具體的錯(cuò)誤案例對(duì)這四種錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型進(jìn)行了更加具體的再分類(lèi)。再者，筆者通過(guò)對(duì)錯(cuò)題學(xué)生的觀察和訪(fǎng)談，著重從知識(shí)層面、心理層面和學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣層面對(duì)小學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行了歸因分析，探尋了小學(xué)生常見(jiàn)數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤背后的深層原因。最后，筆者在常見(jiàn)數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型和歸因分析的基礎(chǔ)上，從知識(shí)層面、心理層面、學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣層面及課堂教學(xué)層面出發(fā)，提出了規(guī)避小學(xué)生常見(jiàn)數(shù)學(xué)錯(cuò)誤的若干方法，以期為今后的數(shù)學(xué)教育教學(xué)與實(shí)踐提供指導(dǎo)與借鑒。
[Abstract]:Mathematics course in compulsory education stage is the basic course to cultivate citizen's quality, so it has very important value and significance to elementary school students. It has become an obstacle for elementary school students to learn math well, so how to avoid math mistakes effectively becomes a common problem for teachers and students. In fact, the occurrence of mathematical errors is not accidental, if people can take the initiative to recognize mistakes, And the classification and analysis of errors, can effectively avoid the occurrence of mathematical errors. However, in the reality of education, what are the common mathematical errors of primary school students? What is the cause of these mathematical errors? How to avoid these mathematical errors effectively is an urgent problem to be studied and solved urgently. Therefore, in order to find out the common mathematical mistakes and their circumvention of primary school students, the author began this research journey. In the course of the research, the author first uses the literature method to consult and comb the literature materials about mathematical errors at home and abroad, and expounds the reason of selecting the topic, the current research situation at home and abroad, and the definition of the core concepts. The ideas and methods of the research and the significance of the research have laid a theoretical foundation for the smooth progress of the study. Secondly, the author collects and analyzes the mathematical errors in the mathematics homework and tests of the students in a primary school in Jinan by using the product analysis method. From the perspective of learning habits and learning contents, the common mathematical errors of primary school students are classified as bad habit errors, conceptual errors, and calculation errors. Applying the four types of problem errors and combining with specific error cases, the author reclassifies the four types of errors more concretely. Furthermore, through the observation and interview of the students with wrong questions, the author focuses on the level of knowledge. At the psychological level and the study habit level, the author analyzes the common mathematical errors of primary school students, and explores the deep reasons behind them. Finally, the author analyzes the types of common mathematical errors and the attribution analysis. From the aspects of knowledge, psychology, study habits and classroom teaching, this paper puts forward some methods to avoid the common mathematical mistakes of primary school students in order to provide guidance and reference for the teaching and practice of mathematics in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G623.5

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