本文關(guān)鍵詞： 第二學(xué)段 數(shù)據(jù)分析觀念 現(xiàn)狀　出處：《渤海大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在信息社會(huì)的今天,人們每天都面對(duì)著形式多樣的、大量的數(shù)據(jù),如何從如此繁雜的數(shù)據(jù)中得到有意義的信息,并對(duì)此進(jìn)行近一步的分析和判斷,就需要人們具備相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)分析處理能力,因此,具有一定的數(shù)據(jù)分析能力成為現(xiàn)代人們不可缺少的素養(yǎng)。在2015年的第五屆基礎(chǔ)教育改革與發(fā)展論壇上,也提出了數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科的核心素養(yǎng)應(yīng)包括:數(shù)學(xué)抽象、直觀想象、邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)建模、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算及數(shù)據(jù)分析。其中,數(shù)據(jù)分析素養(yǎng)的提及,不僅是出現(xiàn)在高中核心素養(yǎng)中的概念,從2011年的《義務(wù)教育數(shù)學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中,就提出了相應(yīng)的概念,并且是作為核心概念出現(xiàn)。本研究就是建立在此基礎(chǔ)上展開(kāi)的,針對(duì)小學(xué)第二學(xué)段學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)分析觀念的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析研究。本研究將數(shù)據(jù)分析觀念的內(nèi)涵概括為四個(gè)維度,即:維度一:數(shù)據(jù)意識(shí);維度二:體會(huì)數(shù)據(jù)中蘊(yùn)含著信息;維度三:根據(jù)問(wèn)題的背景選擇合適的方法;維度四:通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)分析體驗(yàn)隨機(jī)性。以學(xué)生對(duì)于“統(tǒng)計(jì)與概率”中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)的掌握情況進(jìn)行分析,并在四個(gè)維度的基礎(chǔ)上,采用文獻(xiàn)研究法、學(xué)生紙筆測(cè)試法以及教師訪談的方法,以錦州市5所小學(xué)的1232名學(xué)生為調(diào)查對(duì)象,對(duì)學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)分析觀念的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析研究。同時(shí),對(duì)調(diào)查的部分學(xué)校教師進(jìn)行訪談,以此來(lái)了解學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和教師教學(xué)的實(shí)際情況�；谡{(diào)查所收集到的數(shù)據(jù)資料發(fā)現(xiàn):小學(xué)第二學(xué)段學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù)分析觀念發(fā)展水平雖然整體呈現(xiàn)為上升的趨勢(shì),但是學(xué)生總體數(shù)據(jù)分析觀念發(fā)展水平仍然較低;學(xué)生統(tǒng)計(jì)思維能力較弱,對(duì)于平均數(shù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)意義理解不足;由于缺失一定的基本活動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn),因此導(dǎo)致學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)意識(shí)薄弱。針對(duì)調(diào)查中學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,對(duì)教師教學(xué)提出以下建議:(1)基于核心素養(yǎng)的教師專業(yè)能力的提升:首先在教學(xué)思想上,需要改變自身的觀念,能夠與時(shí)俱進(jìn),多了解現(xiàn)當(dāng)代推行的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)思想及教學(xué)觀念,提升教師本身的專業(yè)能力,提升教師素養(yǎng),以此來(lái)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)核心素養(yǎng)。(2)靈活運(yùn)用教材,創(chuàng)設(shè)有效課堂活動(dòng):教師對(duì)于教材的處理,應(yīng)該靈活運(yùn)用,研究分析教材中出現(xiàn)的案例,創(chuàng)設(shè)貼近現(xiàn)實(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)活動(dòng),體會(huì)到“用教材教,而不是教教材”的思想。
[Abstract]:In today's information society, people are faced with a variety of forms of data every day, how to get meaningful information from such complicated data, and to further analyze and judge it. It is necessary for people to have the ability to analyze and process relevant data. Therefore, having a certain ability of data analysis has become an indispensable accomplishment of modern people. In 2015, at the 5th Forum on the Reform and Development of basic Education, It is also put forward that the core literacy of mathematics should include: mathematics abstraction, intuitive imagination, logical reasoning, mathematical modeling, mathematical operation and data analysis, among which, the reference to data analysis literacy is not only the concept that appears in the core literacy of senior high school. Since 2011, the mathematics curriculum standard of compulsory education has put forward the corresponding concept, and appeared as the core concept. This study summarizes the concept of data analysis into four dimensions: dimension 1: data consciousness, dimension 2: experience the information in data, and research on the development of the concept of data analysis in the second stage of primary school. The research summarizes the connotation of the concept of data analysis into four dimensions: dimension 1: data consciousness, dimension 2: understanding the information in the data; Dimension 3: choose the appropriate method according to the background of the problem; Dimension 4: experience randomness through data analysis. Analyze the students' mastery of the knowledge points in Statistics and probability, and on the basis of the four dimensions, With the methods of literature research, student paper and pen test and teacher interview, 1232 students from 5 primary schools in Jinzhou were investigated, and the development status of the concept of student data analysis was analyzed and studied. Some of the school teachers surveyed were interviewed, Based on the data collected from the survey, it is found that the development level of the data analysis concept of the students in the second stage of primary school is on the rise as a whole. However, the development level of students' overall data analysis concept is still relatively low; the students' statistical thinking ability is weak, and their understanding of the statistical meaning of the average is insufficient; due to the lack of certain basic activity experience, As a result, students' awareness of data is weak. In order to investigate the problems of middle school students, this paper puts forward the following suggestions to teachers' teaching: firstly, teachers' professional ability based on core literacy should be improved: first of all, in teaching thought, we need to change our own concept. To be able to keep pace with the times, to learn more about the modern and contemporary mathematics teaching ideas and concepts, to enhance teachers' professional abilities and teachers' qualities, to cultivate students' core mathematics literacy, and to use teaching materials flexibly. Creating effective classroom activities: teachers should use teaching materials flexibly, study and analyze cases in teaching materials, create experimental activities close to reality, and realize the idea of "teaching with textbooks rather than teaching textbooks".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：渤海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G623.5

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