本文關(guān)鍵詞： 歌唱 教學(xué) 中年級(jí)學(xué)生 心理　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：小學(xué)音樂課是實(shí)施美育的主要途徑,對(duì)素質(zhì)教育的推進(jìn)和基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革至關(guān)重要,通過音樂藝術(shù)形象的感染,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的音樂審美能力和表現(xiàn)力,讓學(xué)生在愉悅的氛圍中積極主動(dòng)地獲取知識(shí),并獲得快樂的體驗(yàn)才是教學(xué)的真正目的。歌唱教學(xué)在小學(xué)音樂課中的應(yīng)用和實(shí)施,是具有教育性和普及性的,而這就要求我們教學(xué),應(yīng)該要以學(xué)生為中心,促使學(xué)生的充分發(fā)展。但在當(dāng)前的小學(xué)歌唱教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀中,依然存在灌輸式教學(xué)、缺少對(duì)學(xué)生心理的關(guān)注、教學(xué)形式過于單一導(dǎo)致學(xué)生興趣不高等問題,與教學(xué)目的相背離,嚴(yán)重阻礙了學(xué)生健康、全面的發(fā)展,不利于歌唱教學(xué)的前進(jìn)發(fā)展。為了有效地實(shí)施歌唱教學(xué),應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循中年級(jí)學(xué)生的發(fā)展規(guī)律,不僅要關(guān)注學(xué)生的生理表征,還要關(guān)注他們的心理特征,運(yùn)用科學(xué)的教學(xué)方法,提高學(xué)生的歌唱能力和音樂審美能力,促進(jìn)學(xué)生的情感表達(dá)和自身體驗(yàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)歌唱教學(xué)的目的。本論文所研究的小學(xué)中年級(jí)音樂課歌唱教學(xué),基于三維目標(biāo),關(guān)注學(xué)生的生理和心理特點(diǎn),注重學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和能力的奠定,情感表達(dá)能力的提升和多種方式的體驗(yàn)感受,著力構(gòu)建以學(xué)生為主體的課堂教學(xué)氛圍,對(duì)小學(xué)歌唱教學(xué)進(jìn)行探究與思考,可分為以下四個(gè)部分:一、圍繞三維目標(biāo)論述了小學(xué)歌唱教學(xué)的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo),總結(jié)知識(shí)、情感、方法三方面的不同作用,并以歌唱生理和心理的特征提供理論支撐。二、采用調(diào)查問卷和訪談法,以教師和學(xué)生為調(diào)查對(duì)象,深入實(shí)際中了解歌唱教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀,明確學(xué)校的課程設(shè)置與教學(xué)內(nèi)容,繼而從課程安排情況、職業(yè)的熱愛程度、師資配置情況、對(duì)課標(biāo)的認(rèn)識(shí)程度、課后反饋等對(duì)教師課堂教學(xué)情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,從喜愛音樂的程度、對(duì)課程的滿意程度和學(xué)習(xí)效果對(duì)學(xué)生課堂學(xué)習(xí)情況展開調(diào)查,結(jié)合調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并展開思考。三、從自身歌唱經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā),結(jié)合中年級(jí)學(xué)生特點(diǎn),圍繞歌唱技能、情感表達(dá)、體驗(yàn)方式三方面進(jìn)行教學(xué)實(shí)施:首先從歌唱姿勢(shì)、呼吸、發(fā)聲、咬字等方面入手,結(jié)合中年級(jí)學(xué)生的生理特征進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)教學(xué),聲帶發(fā)展?fàn)顩r決定音域的高低,肺活量的大小對(duì)呼吸練習(xí)要進(jìn)行有效控制等;其次根據(jù)選曲、對(duì)歌曲的感悟和理解和歌唱情感的控制進(jìn)行思考設(shè)計(jì),從速度、音色、力度的演唱處理角度和歌唱者自身的角度把握情感;最后以節(jié)奏模仿、游戲體驗(yàn)、體態(tài)律動(dòng)等方式豐富課堂教學(xué),寓教于樂,提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和積極性。四、針對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果和教學(xué)實(shí)施中出現(xiàn)的問題,進(jìn)行深刻反思并提出一些教學(xué)建議。歌唱教學(xué)能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的音樂審美能力,提升情感的表達(dá),豐富自身的體驗(yàn)。隨著教育改革和教育理念的不斷更新,作為一名小學(xué)音樂老師,應(yīng)當(dāng)明確小學(xué)歌唱教學(xué)的最終目的是為了讓學(xué)生在快樂中歌唱,自然地歌唱,而不是灌輸式的教學(xué)。在教學(xué)中理論知識(shí)要有的放矢,方法要行之有效,尊重學(xué)生的主體地位,更多地關(guān)注他們的生理和心理發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,關(guān)愛他們內(nèi)心的真實(shí)感受,提高學(xué)習(xí)興趣,才能保證歌唱教學(xué)的有效實(shí)施。
[Abstract]:Primary school music class is the main way to implement aesthetic education, for the promotion of quality education and basic education curriculum reform is very important, through the music artistic image of the infection, and cultivate the students' ability of musical aesthetic and expressive, let students acquire knowledge actively in a pleasant atmosphere, and happiness experience is the real purpose of teaching. The application and implementation of singing teaching in primary school music class, with education and popularity, which requires our teaching should take the student as the center, the full development of students. But in the present situation of primary school singing teaching in current teaching, still exist, the lack of students' Psychological attention. The teaching form is too single to the students' interest is not high, and deviate from the aim of teaching, seriously hindered the students' healthy, all-round development, is not conducive to the development of singing teaching in order to advance. The implementation of singing teaching, should follow the law of development of students, not only to pay attention to students' physiological characterization, but also pay attention to their psychological features, using scientific teaching methods, improve the ability of singing and music aesthetic ability of students, promote student's emotional expression and their own experience, to achieve the purpose of singing teaching. Teaching in this paper study on the middle grade of primary school music class singing, based on the three-dimensional target, pay attention to the physiological and psychological characteristics of students, laid emphasis on students' basic knowledge and ability, enhance the ability of emotional expression and various ways of experience, focus on building a student-centered classroom teaching atmosphere of primary school singing teaching of inquiry and thinking, can divided into the following four parts: first, discusses the target about three-dimensional training objectives, primary school singing teaching summary of knowledge, emotion, different effects of the three approaches, and to To provide theoretical support for the physical and psychological characteristics of singing. In two, the use of questionnaires and interviews, teachers and students as the investigation object, understand the singing teaching situation in-depth practical, clear curriculum and teaching content of the school, and then from the curriculum, the love degree of occupation, the allocation of Teachers, the level of awareness of curriculum the feedback of survey of teachers' classroom teaching, from the musical level, course satisfaction and learning situation investigation on students' classroom learning, combined with the survey data found that the problem and start thinking. Three, starting from their own singing experience, combined with the characteristics of students, focus on singing skills, emotion the expression, teaching in three aspects: first, from the experience of singing posture, breathing, vocalization, pronunciation and other aspects, combined with the physiological characteristics of middle grade students of elementary education Study, development of vocal range of the decision level, the size of the vital capacity breathing exercises to effectively control; secondly according to the selections, control the song sentiment and understanding and sings the emotion thinking from the design, speed, timbre, intensity of the singing and sing their own point of view to grasp the emotion; finally to imitate the rhythm the game, experience, body rhythm etc. enrich the classroom teaching, entertaining, improve students' learning interest and enthusiasm. Four, according to the implementation results and investigation of teaching problems in deep reflection and puts forward some teaching suggestions. Singing teaching can cultivate students' aesthetic ability, enhance the expression of emotion, enrich their own experience with the education reform and the concept of constantly updated, as a primary school music teacher, the ultimate goal should be clear primary school singing teaching is to let students in the fast Music singing, singing naturally, rather than teaching. To the theoretical knowledge in teaching methods should be targeted, effective, respect the dominant position of the students, pay more attention to their physical and mental development, caring for the true feelings in their hearts, increase interest in learning, in order to ensure the effective implementation of singing teaching.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G623.71

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