【摘要】：隨著世界現(xiàn)代五項規(guī)則的不斷變化,對現(xiàn)代五項新規(guī)則的適應程度及現(xiàn)代五項運動發(fā)展趨勢研究已成為各國學者的研究重點。運動成績是運動員參加比賽的結果,既是對訓練和比賽的效果進行診斷的客觀標準,也是確定該項目制勝對策的重要依據(jù)。在此背景下,現(xiàn)代五項運動成績分布是否有新的特征?單項成績之間關系如何,是此消彼長還是相互促進;各單項的成績與總成績關系如何?我國選手所處的位置?這些運動成績特征是制定訓練和比賽計劃的重要依據(jù)。通過對2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧夏季奧林匹克運動會現(xiàn)代五項運動員成績特征的研究,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律和不足,尋找影響我國選手奪得獎牌的某些訓練學原因,改進下一階段的訓練和比賽質(zhì)量。進一步豐富、完善現(xiàn)代五項運動訓練理論,為提高我國乃至世界現(xiàn)代五項運動成績提供理論依據(jù)。本研究以2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧夏季奧運會現(xiàn)代五項參賽運動員決賽時的運動成績?yōu)檠芯繉ο?其中男子36名,女子36名。綜合運用文獻法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法對運動成績特征進行研究,主要采用相關分析、聚類分析、判別分析對獲得的數(shù)據(jù)進行分析。結果:1)現(xiàn)代五項運動成績分布特征。男子現(xiàn)代五項運動員的總分、擊劍、游泳、馬術以及跑射聯(lián)項的偏態(tài)系數(shù)均呈左偏正態(tài)分布,其中總分、馬術和跑射聯(lián)項這3項左偏分布相對嚴重,擊劍和游泳成績的偏態(tài)系數(shù)接近正態(tài)分布,男子馬術有4名運動員馬術成績?nèi)∠?EL);女子現(xiàn)代五項運動員的總分、擊劍、游泳、馬術以及跑射聯(lián)項的偏態(tài)系數(shù)中總分、馬術和跑射聯(lián)項這3項也是左偏分布相對嚴重,女子馬術也有6名運動員馬術成績?nèi)∠?EL)。2)現(xiàn)代五項運動成績相關分析。男子現(xiàn)代五項總分與各單項得分,除擊劍外(P=0.117),均呈顯著相關(P0.05),各單項與總分相關強度由大到小依次是馬術、游泳、跑射聯(lián)項、擊劍。具體來看,各單項之間馬術與游泳、跑射聯(lián)項相關顯著,其他單項相關性不強;女子現(xiàn)代五項總分與游泳、馬術單項得分顯著相關(P0.05),但與擊劍(P=0.313)、跑射聯(lián)項(P=0.103)單項得分相關性相對較弱,各單項與總分相關強度由大到小依次是馬術、游泳、跑射聯(lián)項、擊劍。具體來看,各單項之間除馬術與跑射聯(lián)項相關顯著外,其他各單項相關性不強。采用偏相關統(tǒng)計方法對各項目間的相關關系進一步深析,從偏相關系數(shù)來看,擊劍與游泳、擊劍與馬術、擊劍與跑射聯(lián)項、游泳與馬術、游泳與跑射聯(lián)項的成績幾乎沒有相關性;而馬術與跑射聯(lián)項的成績密切相關。3)現(xiàn)代五項運動成績等級評判。男子現(xiàn)代五項運動員第一類和第三類相比,差距主要在擊劍,第一類運動員擊劍成績相對更好,但跑射聯(lián)項第三類要稍好一些,第二類較之于其他兩類各項均差。我國男子現(xiàn)代五項2名選手一位居于第三類,一位居于第一類。表明他們努力的重點在擊劍和跑射聯(lián)項上。女子現(xiàn)代五項運動員第三類與第一類相比,擊劍、游泳、馬術均優(yōu)于第一類,但跑射聯(lián)項第一類要好于第三類,第二類游泳好于第一、第三類,其他均差。我國女子現(xiàn)代五項2名選手均為第三類,表明她們努力的重點在跑射聯(lián)項上。4)中、外優(yōu)秀男、女現(xiàn)代五項運動員成績結構比較。世界優(yōu)秀運動員各項得分比例由高到低的順序是跑射聯(lián)項→游泳→馬術→擊劍;我國優(yōu)秀運動員各項得分比例由高到低的順序是跑射聯(lián)項→游泳→馬術→擊劍。我國選手游泳和馬術明顯高于國外優(yōu)秀選手,擊劍、跑射聯(lián)項均低于世界優(yōu)秀選手的得分比例。世界優(yōu)秀運動員各項得分比例由高到低的順序是跑射聯(lián)項→游泳→馬術→擊劍;我國優(yōu)秀運動員各項得分比例由高到低的順序是跑射聯(lián)項→馬術→游泳→擊劍。我國選手除游泳外,擊劍、馬術和跑射聯(lián)項均高于國外優(yōu)秀選手。我國男、女優(yōu)秀選手成績結構與世界優(yōu)秀選手之間存在著明顯的差異。結論:1)男、女現(xiàn)代五項運動員總分與各單項成績特征主要呈左偏分布,得分高的選手較多,比賽較為激烈;2)男子單項成績與總分相關強度由大到小依次是馬術、游泳、跑射聯(lián)項、擊劍;女子單項成績與總分的相關性由大至小依次是馬術、游泳、跑射聯(lián)項、擊劍�？蓞⒄丈鲜鲫P聯(lián)強度進行訓練;3)男運動員各項目之間擊劍與游泳、擊劍與馬術、擊劍與跑射聯(lián)項、游泳與跑射聯(lián)項的成績幾乎沒有相關性,而游泳與馬術、馬術與跑射聯(lián)項的成績密切相關;女運動員各項目之間擊劍與游泳、擊劍與馬術、擊劍與跑射聯(lián)項、游泳與馬術、游泳與跑射聯(lián)項的成績幾乎沒有相關性;而馬術與跑射聯(lián)項的成績密切相關;4)我國男子現(xiàn)代五項的弱項由馬術和跑射聯(lián)項變成了擊劍和跑射聯(lián)項,女子現(xiàn)代五項的弱項由擊劍和馬術變成了跑射聯(lián)項。建議:1)在今后的訓練中,中國選手男子應加強擊劍和跑射聯(lián)項的得分能力,女子應加強跑射聯(lián)項的得分能力;2)要善于尋找現(xiàn)代五項的共性規(guī)律,促進訓練效益最大化;3)要轉變現(xiàn)代五項選材觀念,制定科學、客觀的選材體系,選拔優(yōu)秀后備人才。
[Abstract]:With the changing of the modern five rules of the world, the study of the adaptation degree of the modern five new rules and the development trend of the modern pentathlon has become the research focus of the scholars. The result of the athletes' participation in the competition is not only the objective criterion for the diagnosis of the effect of the training and the competition, but also the important basis for determining the winning strategy of the project. Is there a new feature in the distribution of the five modern sports scores in this context? How is the relationship between the individual achievements and the relationship between the individual achievements and the overall achievement? The location of our competitors? These athletic performance characteristics are an important basis for the development of training and competition plans. Through the study of the performance characteristics of the modern pentathlon of the Olympic Games in the summer of Rio de Janeiro in 2016, we find out the law and the deficiency, and find some training reasons which affect the Chinese athletes to win the medals, and improve the training and the quality of the competition in the next stage. Further enriching and perfecting the modern five sports training theory provides a theoretical basis for improving the five sports achievements in China and the world. This study is based on the results of the sports of the five Olympic athletes in the summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro,2016, including 36 men and 36 women. In this paper, the literature method and the mathematical statistics method are used to study the characteristics of the sports performance, and the data obtained by the relevant analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis are mainly used. Results:1) The distribution characteristics of the five modern sports scores. The total score of five modern athletes, fencing, swimming, equestrian and the off-state coefficient of the running-shooting joint are distributed in the left-normal distribution, with the total score, equestrian and running-shooting joint being relatively serious, the skewness coefficient of the fencing and swimming performance is close to the normal distribution, The equestrian performance of the men equestrian has been cancelled (EL); the total score of the women's modern pentathlon, fencing, swimming, equestrian, and the off-state coefficient of the running-shooting joint are the total scores, and the three items of equestrian and running-shooting are also relatively serious, In that women's equestrian, there are six athlete's equestrian performance cancel (EL).2) the analysis of the achievement of the modern pentathlon. The total score of the men's modern pentathlon and the individual scores, in addition to the fencing (P = 0.117), were significantly correlated (P = 0.05). The related intensity of each individual and the total score was in the order of equestrian, swimming, running and fencing. In particular, the equestrian and swimming of the individual items were related to swimming and running, and the other single correlation was not strong; the total score of the women's modern pentathlon and the single score of swimming and equestrian events was significantly correlated (P0.05), but the correlation with the single score of the fencing (P = 0.313) and the running-shooting joint (P = 0.103) was relatively weak. The relevant intensity of each item and total score is from big to small, in order of equestrian, swimming, running, and fencing. In particular, there is a strong correlation between the individual items in addition to the equestrian and running-out items, and the other single-item correlation is not strong. The correlation between the items is further analyzed by the bias correlation statistical method, and from the partial correlation coefficient, the fencing and swimming, fencing and equestrian, fencing and shooting, swimming and equestrian events have little relevance to the results of the swimming and running-shooting; The equestrian events are closely related to the performance of the race. Compared with the first category and the third category of the modern pentathlon, the difference is mainly in the fencing, the first category of the athletes' fencing performance is relatively better, but the third category of the second category is slightly better, and the second category is less than the other two categories. In that third category, one of the five modern men's modern pentathlon is in the third category, one in the first category. The key to their efforts is to focus on fencing and shooting. Compared with the first category, the third category of the women's modern pentathlon is superior to the first category, but the first category is better than the first category, and the second type of swimming is better than the first category, the third category and the other. Chinese women's modern pentathlon is the third category, which shows that the focus of their efforts is in the run-up (4). The results of the five modern athletes in the middle and outside are compared with the results of the five modern athletes. The high-to-low order of the world's excellent athletes is to run-shooting, swimming, equestrian, and fencing; the high-to-low order of the excellent athletes in China is to run and run the joint, swimming, equestrian, and fencing. The swimming and equestrian events in our country are obviously higher than that of the excellent players in the world, and the fencing and running-out items are lower than that of the world's excellent players. The high-to-low order of the world's excellent athletes is to run-shooting, swimming, equestrian, and fencing; the high-to-low order of the excellent athletes in China is to run and shoot the joint, the equestrian, the horsemanship, and the sword. In addition to swimming, China's athletes are higher in fencing, equestrian and running-shooting than in foreign countries. There is a clear difference between the performance structure of the male and female and the best player in the world. Conclusion:1) The total score of the five modern athletes and the individual performance characteristics of the male and female is mainly in the left-handed distribution, the number of the players with high scores is more, the competition is more intense,2) The relative intensity of the individual achievement and the total score of the man is from big to small, in order of equestrian, swimming, running and shooting, and fencing; The correlation between the individual achievement and the total score of women is from big to small, in order of equestrian, swimming, running, and fencing. (3) The results of fencing and swimming, fencing and equestrian, fencing and shooting of male athletes have little relevance, while swimming is closely related to the achievements of equestrian, equestrian and running-shooting; The results of fencing and swimming, fencing and equestrian, fencing and running-shooting, swimming and equestrian, swimming and running-out of the female athletes have little relevance, and the equestrian events are closely related to the results of the running-shooting; 4) The weak term of the modern pentathlon of the Chinese man was changed from the equestrian and the running-shooting to the fencing and running-shooting, and the weak items of the five modern women were changed from fencing and equestrian to run-out. Suggestion:1) In the future training, Chinese athletes should strengthen the scoring ability of fencing and shooting, and the women should strengthen the scoring ability of running and shooting;2) Be good at finding the common law of the modern pentathlon, and promote the maximum training benefit; 3) To change the modern five-grade material selection concept, set up a scientific and objective material selection system, and select excellent backup talents.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G888.2

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