北京世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽女子20km競走冠軍劉虹競走技術(shù)的運動學(xué)分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-30 10:31
【摘要】：競走項目有著其自身的技術(shù)特點,在田徑運動中占據(jù)著一席之地。競走是在一定距離里競速的耐力周期性項目,要求運動員在保持一定速度的同時,還要注意技術(shù)動作的規(guī)范,避免犯規(guī)且有較好的觀賞性。本文著重對我國女子20km競走運動員劉虹在2015年北京世界田徑錦標(biāo)賽的競走技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究分析,以期找出劉虹競走技術(shù)的不足之處,在日后的訓(xùn)練中加以改進(jìn),為2016年里約奧運會及今后的比賽取得優(yōu)異成績奠定基礎(chǔ)。本文從三維運動學(xué)的視角,將劉虹比賽過程中完整的競走技術(shù)按距離分階段進(jìn)行分析,通過每一階段的指標(biāo)參數(shù)來分析影響競走的技術(shù)指標(biāo),為劉虹今后的訓(xùn)練比賽提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)支撐。本文采用的研究方法有文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、定位三維攝像測量法、影像解析法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,重點是影像解析法和三維攝像測量法,對劉虹競走比賽技術(shù)現(xiàn)場拍攝后進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,得出可靠數(shù)據(jù)。通過研究得出以下結(jié)論:1劉虹在比賽過程中后半程速度明顯快于前半程,說明后程耐力訓(xùn)練效果較好,體能情況有所改善。全程速度不是逐漸增加的,而是有波動的加速、減速,直至最后沖刺階段出現(xiàn)最高速度,說明自身耐力情況與競走技術(shù)的好壞同樣影響著整體速度。劉虹整個競走過程中采用的速度戰(zhàn)術(shù)是先慢后快,在后半程提高速度進(jìn)入沖刺對運動員有著更大的難度,對取得好的競走成績更加有利。2劉虹在比賽過程中步長和步頻處于相對合理的范圍,同時步長增大對步頻快慢的影響較小,使整個競走速度下降較小。同時劉虹在比賽過程中身體重心的垂直位移處于相對合理的范圍,裁判員肉眼不會看出騰空現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)。在整個比賽中,劉虹的騰空時間多數(shù)控制在合理范圍內(nèi),但在沖刺階段也存在臨界時間外的騰空,需要加強在高速沖刺下保持技術(shù)規(guī)范的能力。3劉虹在整個競走過程中左單步和右單步中肘關(guān)節(jié)的角度相差不大,說明劉虹上肢有較均衡的擺動力度,減少了身體重心的左右晃動,肘關(guān)節(jié)角度處于合理變化范圍內(nèi)。上肢擺動半徑的減小可以增加擺動速度,但是擺動半徑過小同樣會導(dǎo)致身體肌肉的緊張,會過多的消耗能量而且影響身體運動的形態(tài)。4劉虹在雙支撐階段兩大腿夾角基本處于合理范圍內(nèi),保證了競走過程中步長的幅度,同時也對于步頻基本沒有影響。劉虹在競走過程中的膝關(guān)節(jié)擺動角度相對處于合理的狀態(tài),很清晰的說明在競走過程中沒有曲腿現(xiàn)象。5髖關(guān)節(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)動幅度也會相應(yīng)適應(yīng)速度的變化,劉虹的送髖技術(shù)相對較差,沒能很好的配合競走速度的增加,說明髖關(guān)節(jié)的靈活性不夠好,造成了髖關(guān)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)動幅度增大的受限,不能滿足競走加速過程中步長的增加,限制了步長幅度。
[Abstract]:Race walking project has its own technical characteristics, and occupies a place in track and field. Race walking is an endurance periodic event in a certain distance, which requires athletes to pay attention to the specification of technical actions while maintaining a certain speed, so as to avoid fouls and have a good appreciation. This paper focuses on the research and analysis of the walking technique of Liu Hong, a Chinese female 20km walker in Beijing World Athletic Championships in 2015, in order to find out the shortcomings of Liu Hong's walking technique and improve it in the future training. To lay the foundation for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games and future competitions to achieve outstanding results. From the point of view of three-dimensional kinematics, this paper analyzes the complete walking technique of Liu Hong in different stages according to the distance, and analyzes the technical indexes that affect the race walking through the index parameters of each stage. Provide reliable data support for Liu Hong's future training competition. The research methods used in this paper include literature method, expert interview method, positioning three-dimensional camera measurement method, image analysis method and mathematical statistics method, with emphasis on image analysis method and three-dimensional camera measurement method. This paper analyzes the data of Liu Hong Race Walking Competition after shooting on the spot, and obtains the reliable data. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the speed of the second half of the race is obviously faster than that of the first half of the competition, which indicates that the latter half of the endurance training has a better effect and the physical condition has been improved. The whole course speed is not gradually increased, but has fluctuating acceleration, deceleration, until the final sprint stage appears the highest speed, indicating that their endurance and race walking technology is the same as good or bad impact on the overall speed. The speed tactics used by Liu Hong in the whole race walking process are slow first then fast, and it is more difficult for athletes to increase the speed to enter the sprint in the latter half of the road. (2) Liu Hong is in a relatively reasonable range in the course of competition. At the same time, the increase of step size has little effect on the speed and speed of walking, and makes the whole walking speed decrease less. At the same time, the vertical displacement of the center of gravity of Liu Hong is in a relatively reasonable range in the course of the competition, and the referee will not see the phenomenon of emptiness in the naked eye. Throughout the game, most of Liu Hong's flight time was controlled within a reasonable range, but there was also a flight outside critical time in the sprint phase. It is necessary to strengthen the ability to maintain technical specifications under the high-speed sprint. 3 during the whole race walk, Liu Hong has little difference in the angle of left and right middle elbow joints, indicating that Liu Hong has a balanced swing of the upper limb. Reduce the left and right sloshing of the body's center of gravity, elbow angle within a reasonable range of changes. A decrease in the swing radius of the upper limb can increase the speed of the swing, but too small a swing radius can also lead to tension in the muscles of the body. Liu Hong can consume too much energy and affect the shape of body movement. 4 Liu Hong is in a reasonable range at the angle between two legs in the double support stage, which ensures the step size in the walking process, and has no effect on the walking frequency at the same time. Liu Hong's knee swing angle in the walking process is relatively reasonable, which clearly shows that there is no leg bending phenomenon in the walking process. The rotation amplitude of the 5 hip joints will also adapt to the change of speed. Liu Hong's hip-feeding technique is relatively poor, and can not match the increase of walking speed well, which shows that the flexibility of hip joint is not good enough, which limits the increase of rotation amplitude of hip joint, and can not meet the increase of step size in the acceleration process of race walking. The step size is limited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G821
本文編號：2450039
[Abstract]:Race walking project has its own technical characteristics, and occupies a place in track and field. Race walking is an endurance periodic event in a certain distance, which requires athletes to pay attention to the specification of technical actions while maintaining a certain speed, so as to avoid fouls and have a good appreciation. This paper focuses on the research and analysis of the walking technique of Liu Hong, a Chinese female 20km walker in Beijing World Athletic Championships in 2015, in order to find out the shortcomings of Liu Hong's walking technique and improve it in the future training. To lay the foundation for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games and future competitions to achieve outstanding results. From the point of view of three-dimensional kinematics, this paper analyzes the complete walking technique of Liu Hong in different stages according to the distance, and analyzes the technical indexes that affect the race walking through the index parameters of each stage. Provide reliable data support for Liu Hong's future training competition. The research methods used in this paper include literature method, expert interview method, positioning three-dimensional camera measurement method, image analysis method and mathematical statistics method, with emphasis on image analysis method and three-dimensional camera measurement method. This paper analyzes the data of Liu Hong Race Walking Competition after shooting on the spot, and obtains the reliable data. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the speed of the second half of the race is obviously faster than that of the first half of the competition, which indicates that the latter half of the endurance training has a better effect and the physical condition has been improved. The whole course speed is not gradually increased, but has fluctuating acceleration, deceleration, until the final sprint stage appears the highest speed, indicating that their endurance and race walking technology is the same as good or bad impact on the overall speed. The speed tactics used by Liu Hong in the whole race walking process are slow first then fast, and it is more difficult for athletes to increase the speed to enter the sprint in the latter half of the road. (2) Liu Hong is in a relatively reasonable range in the course of competition. At the same time, the increase of step size has little effect on the speed and speed of walking, and makes the whole walking speed decrease less. At the same time, the vertical displacement of the center of gravity of Liu Hong is in a relatively reasonable range in the course of the competition, and the referee will not see the phenomenon of emptiness in the naked eye. Throughout the game, most of Liu Hong's flight time was controlled within a reasonable range, but there was also a flight outside critical time in the sprint phase. It is necessary to strengthen the ability to maintain technical specifications under the high-speed sprint. 3 during the whole race walk, Liu Hong has little difference in the angle of left and right middle elbow joints, indicating that Liu Hong has a balanced swing of the upper limb. Reduce the left and right sloshing of the body's center of gravity, elbow angle within a reasonable range of changes. A decrease in the swing radius of the upper limb can increase the speed of the swing, but too small a swing radius can also lead to tension in the muscles of the body. Liu Hong can consume too much energy and affect the shape of body movement. 4 Liu Hong is in a reasonable range at the angle between two legs in the double support stage, which ensures the step size in the walking process, and has no effect on the walking frequency at the same time. Liu Hong's knee swing angle in the walking process is relatively reasonable, which clearly shows that there is no leg bending phenomenon in the walking process. The rotation amplitude of the 5 hip joints will also adapt to the change of speed. Liu Hong's hip-feeding technique is relatively poor, and can not match the increase of walking speed well, which shows that the flexibility of hip joint is not good enough, which limits the increase of rotation amplitude of hip joint, and can not meet the increase of step size in the acceleration process of race walking. The step size is limited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G821
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