【摘要】：殘疾人競技游泳作為貴州省殘疾人體育長期發(fā)展的主打項(xiàng)目,伴隨貴州殘疾人體育風(fēng)雨兼程三十二年,對其進(jìn)行研究有著重要的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文主要采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、實(shí)地考察法、訪談法、問卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法等方法,通過梳理貴州省殘疾人游泳運(yùn)動發(fā)展歷程,以貴州省殘疾人游泳運(yùn)動發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀為研究對象,對貴州省殘疾人體育管理機(jī)構(gòu)、貴州省殘疾人游泳隊(duì)教練員、運(yùn)動員以及貴州2016年(18周歲以下)殘疾人游泳錦標(biāo)賽為調(diào)查對象,梳理殘疾人競技游泳項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展歷程,以史為鑒找出成績下滑因素,從殘疾人競技游泳(管理、訓(xùn)練、競賽)現(xiàn)狀等三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析,查找其現(xiàn)存問題,針對問題提出可行性對策,為貴州殘疾人競技游泳發(fā)展提供理論參考,以期推動貴州省其他殘疾人體育項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展。調(diào)查結(jié)果如下:貴州省殘疾人競技游泳項(xiàng)目近期成績出現(xiàn)下滑局面,殘疾人管理機(jī)構(gòu)組織建設(shè)不全,編制少、缺乏殘疾人體育專業(yè)管理人才;制度體系不完善,管理手段單一,不科學(xué)、不切實(shí),無法適應(yīng)貴州省殘疾人游泳的長足發(fā)展;經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足,基地建設(shè)不夠,場地、器材極度缺乏;運(yùn)動員男女比例不平衡,參賽等級分布不均,來源渠道單一,教育讓位于訓(xùn)練問題突出;教練員知識結(jié)構(gòu)薄弱,業(yè)務(wù)水平、年齡結(jié)構(gòu)參差不齊,培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會少,同時(shí)未建立科學(xué)合理的教練員選拔、考核、獎勵制度;家長支持度高,但社會關(guān)注度低,宣傳渠道單一,宣傳力度不夠;選材的路徑過于形式,選材范圍過于“狹窄”,基層培養(yǎng)輸送運(yùn)動員的意識較薄弱,未建立“行之有效”的選材機(jī)制;殘聯(lián)系統(tǒng)缺乏專業(yè)的分級人員、裁判員,比賽少、規(guī)模小;基層隊(duì)伍渙散,質(zhì)量堪憂且運(yùn)動員各比例不平衡,并有“大年齡,低學(xué)歷”現(xiàn)象;基層教練員團(tuán)隊(duì)流動性大、業(yè)務(wù)水平低,且基層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重視程度不夠。針對上述結(jié)論提出以下對策:(1)完善殘疾人體育組織管理結(jié)構(gòu),成立或分設(shè)貴州省殘聯(lián)體育部、殘疾人體育運(yùn)動管理中心,制定出臺相關(guān)管理制度,完善組織管理體系;(2)加大體育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入,拓展融資渠道,動員社會企業(yè)事業(yè)、社會人士扶持、贊助,同時(shí)設(shè)立殘疾人體育專項(xiàng)基金;(3)加強(qiáng)基地建設(shè),將基地建立于特教學(xué)校之內(nèi),使其場地資源達(dá)到高效利用,實(shí)現(xiàn)訓(xùn)練、學(xué)習(xí)“兩不務(wù)”;(4)加強(qiáng)教練員業(yè)務(wù)知識的學(xué)習(xí),建立科學(xué)、合理的教練員聘用、考核、獎勵制度,同時(shí)選派優(yōu)秀的殘疾人退役運(yùn)動員或者優(yōu)秀的基層教練員到高校學(xué)習(xí)深造,建立教練員梯隊(duì);(5)舉辦公益性殘疾人體育比賽,邀請社會人士、在校學(xué)生、大眾媒體參與其中,并選派優(yōu)秀殘疾人運(yùn)動員到學(xué)校到社區(qū)傳播殘疾人體育精神,同時(shí)拓展傳播渠道,單設(shè)殘疾人文化宣傳部;(6)制定“行之有效”的運(yùn)動員選拔制度,鼓勵特教學(xué)校、公立學(xué)校、社區(qū)組織殘疾人體育比賽,并挑選殘疾人運(yùn)動員苗子,對優(yōu)秀的輸送單位予以獎勵、表彰;(7)制定“適時(shí)”發(fā)展的殘疾人競賽體育制度,鼓勵與高校合作培養(yǎng)、培訓(xùn)專業(yè)的殘疾人醫(yī)學(xué)分級人員、殘疾人運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目裁判員、殘疾人體育管理人員,鼓勵大學(xué)生到社會、到特教學(xué)校、到比賽場上實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)。
[Abstract]:As the main project of the long-term development of the sports of the disabled in Guizhou, the sports swimming of the disabled is an important historical and practical significance for the study of the sports wind and rain of the disabled in Guizhou. This paper mainly uses the methods of literature, field investigation, interview, questionnaire and mathematical statistics. Through the analysis of the course of the development of the swimming movement of the disabled in Guizhou province, the present situation of the swimming movement of the disabled in Guizhou is the research object. According to the research object of the sports management institution for disabled people in Guizhou, the coaches and athletes of the disabled people's swimming team in Guizhou, as well as the disabled people's swimming championships in 2016 (under the age of 18), the development course of the sports swimming project of the disabled is to be sorted out, and the performance decline factor can be found by the history. This paper analyzes the present situation of the sports swimming (management, training and competition) of the disabled, finds its existing problems, puts forward the feasible countermeasures to the problem, and provides the theoretical reference for the development of the sports swimming in Guizhou with a view to promoting the development of the other disabled people's sports in Guizhou. The results of the survey are as follows: The recent achievements of the sports swimming project of the disabled in Guizhou province have a downward trend, and the organizations of the disabled people's organizations have not complete the construction, the preparation of the few, the lack of the professional management talents of the disabled, the system is not perfect, the management means is single, not scientific, not practical, It is impossible to adapt to the great development of the swimming of disabled people in Guizhou Province; the funds are insufficient, the construction of the base is not enough, the site and the equipment are extremely deficient; the male and female ratio of the athletes is not balanced, the distribution of the competition level is not uniform, the source channel is single, and the education is made to be prominent in the training problem; The coach's knowledge structure is weak, the business level, the age structure are uneven, the training and learning opportunities are few, and the scientific and reasonable coach selection, assessment and reward system are not established; the parent support is high, but the social attention is low, the propaganda channel is single, and the propaganda is not enough; The path of the material selection is too narrow, the material selection range is too narrow, the awareness of the grass-base culture conveying athletes is weak, an effective material selection mechanism is not established, the stub system lacks the professional grading staff, the referee, the competition is small, the scale is small, the grass-roots team is scattered, The quality and the proportion of the athletes are not balanced, and there is a 鈥渉igh age, low degree of education鈥，

本文編號：2377829