【摘要】：目的:不同運動形式、不同負重、穿不同鞋運動對足部和踝關節(jié)沖擊各不相同。本文同步應用三維測力臺、遙測肌電儀和高速攝像儀;探索不同運動形式、不同負重、穿不同鞋運動過程中,四種運動形式之間(足部地面峰值反作用力和肌電)的大小關系、足觸地時間大小關系、脛骨前肌和腓腸與不同鞋之間的相關性。為生活和訓練過程中合理使用哪種運動形式、穿哪種鞋更加有利于脛骨前肌和腓腸肌的保護提供相關參考。方法:選取6名西安體育學院體育教育專業(yè)學生,首先依次進行5 Km/h走、7 Km/h跑、5 Km/h跨步和5 Km/h上下臺階四種運動形式實驗測試;其次分別負重5Kg、10Kg、15Kg、20Kg走、跑、跨步和上下臺階四種運動形式實驗測試;最后分別穿運動鞋、登山鞋不負重和分別負重5Kg、10Kg、15Kg、20Kg走、跑、跨步、上下臺階四種運動形式實驗測試。通過三維測力臺測出地面反作用力,遙測肌電儀測出脛骨前肌和腓腸肌電參數(shù),利用高速攝像儀使三者達到同步。結果:1.足觸地時間:裸足情況下,走0.8s、跑0.5s、跨步0.5s、上下臺階0.68s;穿運動鞋情況下,走0.85s、跑0.55s、跨步0.53s、上下臺階0.77s;穿登山鞋情況下,走0.93s、跑0.61s、跨步0.6s、上下臺階0.89s。2.足部地面峰值反作用力:裸足情況下,走1217N、跑1504N、跨步2150N、上下臺階1595N;穿運動鞋情況下,走1252N、跑1595N、跨步1769N、上下臺階1514N。穿登山鞋情況下,走1273N、跑1584N、跨步1878N、上下臺階1516N。3.不同步態(tài)下隨著負重的增大,部地面峰值反作用力、IEMG和RMS也會增大。4.脛骨前肌IEMG標準化值分別為:裸足情況下;走4.2%、跑4.15%、跨步6.3%、上下臺階6.3%;運動鞋情況下,走4.85%、跑4.65%、跨步4.53%、上下臺階3.6%;登山鞋情況下,走4.3%、跑3.98%、跨步4.48%、上下臺階3.47%。腓腸肌IEMG標準化值分別為:裸足情況下,走4.7%、跑6.1%、跨步7.2%、上下臺階5.3%;運動鞋情況下,走9.8%、跑6%、跨步6.1%、上下臺階8%;登山鞋情況下,走6.2%、跑5.1%、跨步5.1%、上下臺階6.5%。5.脛骨前肌RMS標準化值分別為:穿運動鞋情況下,走7.25%、跑6.33%、跨步7.53%、上下臺階5.37%;登山鞋情況下,走6.3%、跑5.9%、跨步6%、上下臺階5.17%。腓腸肌RMS標準化值分別為:走4%、跑2.9%、跨步2.93%、上下臺階5.6%;登山鞋情況下,走8%、跑8.05%、跨步8%、上下臺階12.2%。結論:1.走、跑、跨步、上下臺階四種運動形式(速度相近)、穿同種鞋(裸足、運動鞋、登山鞋)足部觸地時間大小關系為:走上下臺階跑跨步。2.走、跑、跨步、上下臺階四種步態(tài)(速度相近)、穿同種鞋(裸足、運動鞋、登山鞋)情況下足部地面峰值反作用力大小關系為:跨步跑上下臺階走;且走、跑上下臺階、跨步足部地面峰值反作用力分別是體重的1.5倍左右、2倍左右、2倍左右、3倍左右。3.足部地面峰值反作用力增大,脛骨前肌和腓腸肌IEMG標準化值呈現(xiàn)無規(guī)律的增大或者減小。即,足底峰值壓力大小關系與脛骨前肌和腓腸肌IEMG標準化值大小關系無規(guī)律。4.穿同種鞋(運動鞋、登山鞋)、走、跑、跨步、上下臺階(速度相近)情況下,穿登山鞋運動要比穿運動鞋運動更有利于保護脛骨前肌,而穿運動鞋運動比穿登山鞋運動更有利于保護腓腸肌。
[Abstract]:Objective: Different sports form, different weight bearing, wearing different shoe movement have different impact on the foot and ankle joint. In this paper, three-dimensional force-measuring platform, telemeter and high-speed camera are used in this paper. The correlation between the anterior tibial muscle and the pertalus and the different shoes. In order to make rational use of the type of movement in the course of life and training, which shoe is more beneficial to the protection of the anterior tibial muscle and the posterior segment of the tibia. Methods: Six students of physical education in Xi 'an Institute of Physical Education were selected, and then 5 Km/ h, 7 Km/ h, 5 Km/ h span and 5 Km/ h steps were carried out in turn. The second was 5Kg, 10Kg, 15Kg and 20Kg, respectively. The experiment tests were carried out in four kinds of motion forms including stride and upper and lower steps. At last, the experiment tests were carried out in four kinds of athletic forms, such as running shoes, climbing shoes, loading 5Kg, 10Kg, 15Kg, 20Kg, running, stride, and up and down steps. The surface reaction force is measured by a three-dimensional force measuring platform, and the electric parameters of the anterior muscle and the lateral wall of the tibia are measured by the telemeter electrometer, and the three-dimensional measuring instrument is utilized to synchronize the three three. Result: 1. Foot contact time: In the case of bare feet, go 0. 8s, run 0. 5s, stride 0. 5s, upper and lower steps 0. 68s; in the case of wearing sports shoes, go 0. 85s, run 0. 55s, stride 0. 53s, upper and lower steps 0. 77s; in case of climbing shoes, go 0. 93s, run 0. 61s, stride 0. 6s, up and down steps 0. 89s. 2. Peak reaction force on foot ground: In case of bare feet, go 1217N, run 1504N, stride 2150N, upper and lower steps 1595N; in case of running shoes, go 1252N, run 1595N, step 1769N, up and down steps 1514N. In the case of climbing shoes, walk 12345N, run 1584N, step 1878N, up and down steps 1516N.3. Under different gait, with the increase of weight, the peak-to-ground reaction force, IEMG and RMS also increased. The normalized values of IEMG in the anterior tibial muscle were: bare feet, 4. 2%, 4. 15%, stride 6. 3%, up and down steps 6. 3%; in the case of sports shoes, 4. 85%, 4. 65%, stride 4. 53%, up and down steps 3. 6%; in the case of climbing shoes, 4. 3%, 3. 98%, stride 4. 48%, Up and down steps 3.47%. in that case of bare foot, 4. 7%, 6. 1%, stride 7. 2%, up and down step 5. 3%; in the case of sports shoes, 9. 8%, 6%, 6. 1%, up and down step 8%; in the case of climbing shoes, walk 6. 2%, run 5. 1%, stride 5. 1%, Up and down steps 6.5%. 5. The RMS normalized values of the anterior tibial muscle were 7. 25%, 6. 33%, 7. 53%, 5.37%, respectively. In the case of climbing shoes, 6. 3%, 5. 9%, stride 6%, and upper and lower steps 5.17% were taken. The RMS normalized values were: 4%, 2. 9%, stride 2.93%, upper and lower steps 5. 6%, climbing shoes, 8%, 8. 05%, stride 8%, up and down steps 1.2%. Conclusion: 1. Walk, run, stride, up and down steps four kinds of motion form (similar speed), wear the same pair of shoes (bare feet, sports shoes, mountaineering shoes) foot contact time size relationship is: go to the lower step to run stride. 2. Walk, run, stride, upper and lower steps four gait (similar speed), wear the same pair of shoes (bare feet, sports shoes, mountaineering shoes) under the condition that the foot ground peak reaction force magnitude relation is: stride the upper and lower steps; and go, run up and down steps, Cross-step foot ground peak counterforce is about 1.5 times the body weight, about 2 times, about 2 times, about 3 times. The peak-to-ground reaction force on the foot of the foot increased, and the normalized values of the anterior and inferior tibial muscles of the tibia showed an irregular increase or decrease. In other words, the relationship between the peak pressure of the sole and the normalized value of IEMG in the anterior tibial muscle and the tibial muscle was irregular. In the case of wearing shoes (sports shoes, hiking shoes), walking, running, stride, up and down steps (similar in speed), wearing hiking shoes is more conducive to protecting the anterior muscle of the tibia than wearing sports shoes, while the sport of wearing sports shoes is more beneficial to protecting the tibia than wearing the mountaineering shoes.
【學位授予單位】：西安體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.6

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