【摘要】：研究目的:流行病學(xué)研究表明疲勞是造成排球運(yùn)動(dòng)能力降低及損傷增加的重要原因。前人研究中關(guān)于疲勞程度的定義和疲勞產(chǎn)生的指標(biāo)變化差異較大。本研究將疲勞細(xì)分為無(wú)疲勞、中度疲勞和重度疲勞三個(gè)等級(jí),比較隨著疲勞程度增加,受試者完成垂直起跳攔網(wǎng)動(dòng)作時(shí)下肢生物力學(xué)變化特征,分析影響運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)及損傷的生物力學(xué)因素。為排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員制定訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃提供理論依據(jù),以期獲得更好的訓(xùn)練成績(jī)并減少損傷。研究方法:受試者為10名北京體育大學(xué)男性校隊(duì)排球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。分別在無(wú)疲勞、中度疲勞和重度疲勞的狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行三次垂直起跳攔網(wǎng)動(dòng)作測(cè)試。使用紅外高速運(yùn)動(dòng)捕捉系統(tǒng)和三維測(cè)力臺(tái)對(duì)受試者測(cè)試動(dòng)作的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行同步采集。研究結(jié)果:隨疲勞程度增加,騰空階段的時(shí)間和高度均減少。其中重度疲勞的騰空時(shí)間、高度明顯少于無(wú)疲勞和中度疲勞(P0.05)。起跳緩沖階段中度和重度疲勞的緩沖時(shí)間、髖屈伸范圍明顯少于無(wú)疲勞(P0.05);重度疲勞的膝屈伸范圍明顯小于無(wú)疲勞(P=0.015),踝屈伸范圍明顯小于中度疲勞(P=0.012)。起跳蹬伸階段中度和重度疲勞的蹬伸時(shí)間,重心上升高度,沖量及髖、膝屈伸范圍均少于無(wú)疲勞狀態(tài)(P0.05);重度疲勞的踝屈伸范圍,髖、膝角速度峰值均小于無(wú)疲勞和中度疲勞。落地緩沖階段從無(wú)疲勞到中度疲勞過程中下肢各關(guān)節(jié)屈伸范圍不斷增加,而由中度進(jìn)一步發(fā)展到重度疲勞后,卻出現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì)。足著地時(shí)刻和vGRF峰值時(shí)刻膝屈角明顯減小,vGRF及其加載率無(wú)明顯變化。研究結(jié)論:1.隨著疲勞增加,起跳緩沖階段的髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸范圍逐漸減小。2.隨著疲勞增加,起跳蹬伸階段的髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸范圍和角速度、蹬伸沖量逐漸減小,蹬伸時(shí)間縮短,從而降低起跳效果。3.隨著疲勞增加,落地階段中足著地及垂直地面反作用力峰值時(shí)刻的膝關(guān)節(jié)屈角減小,會(huì)增加前交叉韌帶的損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。4.疲勞增加并未對(duì)落地階段的垂直地面反作用力峰值及其加載率產(chǎn)生明顯影響。
[Abstract]:Objective: epidemiological studies show that fatigue is an important reason for the decrease of volleyball ability and the increase of injury. The definition of fatigue degree and the index of fatigue are different in previous studies. In this study, fatigue was subdivided into three grades: no fatigue, moderate fatigue and severe fatigue. The biomechanical factors affecting exercise performance and injury were analyzed. To provide theoretical basis for volleyball players to make training plan, in order to obtain better training results and reduce injury. Methods: the subjects were 10 male volleyball players from Beijing physical Education University. In the condition of no fatigue, moderate fatigue and severe fatigue, three vertical takeoff block actions were tested. A high speed infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force measuring platform are used to synchronize the kinematics and dynamics data of the subjects. The results showed that the time and height decreased with the increase of fatigue. The evacuation time of severe fatigue was significantly lower than that of no fatigue and moderate fatigue (P0.05). The range of hip flexion and extension was significantly less than that of non-fatigue (P0.05), the range of knee flexion and extension of severe fatigue was significantly smaller than that of non-fatigue (P0. 015), and the range of ankle flexion and extension was significantly smaller than that of moderate fatigue (P0. 012). The time, height, impulse, hip and knee flexion and extension range of moderate and severe fatigue were less than those of non-fatigue state (P0.05); the peak value of ankle flexion and extension, hip and knee angular velocity of severe fatigue were lower than that of non-fatigue and moderate fatigue. The range of flexion and extension of lower extremity joints increases continuously during the period of landing buffer from non-fatigue to moderate fatigue, but decreases after further development from moderate to severe fatigue. The knee flexion angle at the foot landing time and the vGRF peak time has no obvious change. Conclusion: 1. With the increase of fatigue, the range of flexion and extension of hip, knee and ankle decreased gradually. With the increase of fatigue, the range and angular velocity of hip, knee and ankle joint flexion and extension, the impulse of pedal extension and the time of pedal and extension are gradually reduced, thus reducing the effect of take-off. 3. With the increase of fatigue, the knee flexion angle at the peak moment of foot landing and vertical ground reaction decreases, which increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury .4. The increase of fatigue has no obvious effect on the peak value and loading rate of the vertical ground reaction force in the landing stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G804.6;G842

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