高校高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員競技能力結(jié)構(gòu)及訓(xùn)練研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-18 07:06
【摘要】：定向運(yùn)動(dòng),來自于瑞典,現(xiàn)已風(fēng)靡全歐洲,是一個(gè)家喻戶曉的運(yùn)動(dòng)活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。在我國已有三十多年的發(fā)展,隨著國家政策的支持,定向運(yùn)動(dòng)在全國各地迅速的發(fā)展起來,現(xiàn)北京、深圳、廣州、長沙等一線城市普及最廣。定向運(yùn)動(dòng)橫向普及范圍得到了快速發(fā)展,但縱向競技能力水平仍然較低。競技能力結(jié)構(gòu)直接影響著比賽結(jié)果,因此如何提高定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員競技能力是現(xiàn)在的緊迫任務(wù)。本文以高校高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其競技能力結(jié)構(gòu)及其訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行研究,為以后各學(xué)校定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員選拔及訓(xùn)練提供參考,為推進(jìn)定向運(yùn)動(dòng)競技水平的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和提高。本文通過大量查閱文獻(xiàn)、專家走訪調(diào)研及專家座談,并結(jié)合本人多年來從事定向運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽、訓(xùn)練的親身經(jīng)歷的基礎(chǔ)上,以十八所高校高水平的主力定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員為調(diào)查對(duì)象,通過對(duì)定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員競技能力框架的構(gòu)建基礎(chǔ)上,繼而對(duì)競技能力各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,探討我國高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員競技能力現(xiàn)狀水平及更有效的訓(xùn)練方法。研究結(jié)論如下:1、根據(jù)分析得出,高校的高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員,其競技能力重要的程度依次為:體能素質(zhì)、技能、心理、智能和戰(zhàn)術(shù)。2、根據(jù)相關(guān)專家教練的問卷評(píng)定,確立定向運(yùn)動(dòng)競技能力構(gòu)成基本框架,一級(jí)指標(biāo)為:體能、技能、心理、戰(zhàn)術(shù)及智力此五大要素組成;二級(jí)指標(biāo)為:2項(xiàng)體能素質(zhì)指標(biāo):3000米、5000米;7項(xiàng)技能指標(biāo):讀圖、方向感、跑圖節(jié)奏、路線選擇、距離感、點(diǎn)位攻擊、越野跑;3項(xiàng)心理指標(biāo):壓力承受能力、意志力、集中注意力;2項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)術(shù)指標(biāo):戰(zhàn)術(shù)意識(shí)和戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用;1項(xiàng)智能指標(biāo):智力。3、高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員的整體體能程度,處于田徑國家二級(jí)階段;不論高校男子定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員還是高校女子定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員的技能水平都處于三級(jí)階段水平,但各指標(biāo)的掌握程度各不相同;心理素質(zhì)水平都較高;高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員不論在賽前還是賽中都有很強(qiáng)的戰(zhàn)術(shù)意識(shí)和相應(yīng)的戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用,因此想要成為一名優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員也應(yīng)注重戰(zhàn)術(shù)的指導(dǎo)教育;智力水平也較高,但高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員男子組的智力稍高于高水平定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員女子組的整體水平。4、在定向越野運(yùn)動(dòng)中,其體能與技能的所占比例是整體的63%,因此在訓(xùn)練中,應(yīng)側(cè)重于這兩方面的訓(xùn)練。5、在體能訓(xùn)練中從訓(xùn)練地方說,分為校園與戶外場地,不論在任何場地都應(yīng)以耐力與速度訓(xùn)練為主。在技術(shù)訓(xùn)練中,應(yīng)遵循由易至難、由簡單至復(fù)雜的循序漸進(jìn)的訓(xùn)練規(guī)律,并根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員自身欠缺方面,進(jìn)行針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練,加強(qiáng)各技術(shù)指標(biāo)的綜合交叉運(yùn)用。定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)側(cè)重增強(qiáng)集中注意力、意志力、壓力承受能力三方面的心理培養(yǎng)。戰(zhàn)術(shù)訓(xùn)練應(yīng)加強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)術(shù)意識(shí)的提高和戰(zhàn)術(shù)運(yùn)用的模擬訓(xùn)練和實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練。對(duì)于智力的培養(yǎng)及訓(xùn)練方法,可從專業(yè)理論知識(shí)傳授、直觀式和啟發(fā)式、分階段訓(xùn)練法和理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的訓(xùn)練方法提高定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員智力能力。
[Abstract]:Orienteering, from Sweden, is now popular across Europe and is a household sport. With the support of national policy, orienteering has been developing rapidly in China for more than 30 years. Now Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Changsha and other first-tier cities are the most popular. The horizontal popularity of orienteering has developed rapidly, but the level of longitudinal competitive ability is still low. The structure of competitive ability directly affects the result of competition, so how to improve the competitive ability of orienteering athletes is an urgent task. This paper studies the competitive ability structure and training of high level orienteering athletes in colleges and universities, and provides a reference for the selection and training of orienteering athletes in colleges and universities in the future. In order to promote the further development and improvement of the competitive level of orienteering. Based on my personal experience in orienteering competitions and training over the years, this paper, through consulting a large number of documents, experts visiting and investigating and discussing with experts, takes the high level leading orienteering athletes in 18 colleges and universities as the objects of investigation. Based on the construction of the framework of the competitive ability of the orienteering athletes, this paper analyzes the various indexes of the competitive ability, and probes into the present level and more effective training methods of the competitive ability of the high level oriented athletes in our country. The conclusion of the study is as follows: 1. According to the analysis, the important degree of competitive ability of high level oriented athletes in colleges and universities is: physical ability, skill, psychology, intelligence and tactics. Establishing the basic frame of competitive ability of orienteering, the first level index is: physical ability, skill, psychology, tactics and intelligence, the second level index is: 2 physical fitness index: 3 000 meters, 5 000 meters, 7 skill indexes: read picture, sense of direction, Run chart rhythm, route choice, distance feeling, point attack, cross-country running, three psychological indicators: stress tolerance, willpower, Focus on two tactical indicators: tactical awareness and tactical use of one intelligent index: intelligence. 3, the overall physical level of high level oriented athletes, in the track and field national secondary stage; The skill level of male orienteering athletes and female orienteering athletes in colleges and universities is in the third stage, but the mastery degree of each index is different, the level of psychological quality is higher; The high level orienteering athletes have strong tactical consciousness and corresponding tactics application before and during the match, so they should pay attention to the instruction and education of tactics if they want to become an excellent athlete, and their intelligence level is also relatively high. However, the intelligence of the male group of high level orienteering athletes is slightly higher than that of the female group of high level orienteering athletes, and the proportion of physical ability and skill is 63% of the whole in the orienteering cross-country sports, so in the training, We should focus on the training of these two aspects. In physical training, we should divide it into campus and outdoor fields in terms of training places, whether in any field should be based on endurance and speed training. In the technical training, we should follow the training law from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, and carry out targeted training according to the lack of athletes themselves, so as to strengthen the comprehensive cross-application of each technical index. Orienteering athletes should focus on three aspects of psychological training: concentration, willpower and stress bearing ability. The tactics training should strengthen the tactics consciousness enhancement and the tactics application simulation training and the actual combat training. The training and training methods of intelligence can improve the intelligence ability of orienteering athletes from the teaching of professional theoretical knowledge, intuitive and heuristic, phased training and the combination of theory and practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G807.4
本文編號(hào)：2247156
[Abstract]:Orienteering, from Sweden, is now popular across Europe and is a household sport. With the support of national policy, orienteering has been developing rapidly in China for more than 30 years. Now Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Changsha and other first-tier cities are the most popular. The horizontal popularity of orienteering has developed rapidly, but the level of longitudinal competitive ability is still low. The structure of competitive ability directly affects the result of competition, so how to improve the competitive ability of orienteering athletes is an urgent task. This paper studies the competitive ability structure and training of high level orienteering athletes in colleges and universities, and provides a reference for the selection and training of orienteering athletes in colleges and universities in the future. In order to promote the further development and improvement of the competitive level of orienteering. Based on my personal experience in orienteering competitions and training over the years, this paper, through consulting a large number of documents, experts visiting and investigating and discussing with experts, takes the high level leading orienteering athletes in 18 colleges and universities as the objects of investigation. Based on the construction of the framework of the competitive ability of the orienteering athletes, this paper analyzes the various indexes of the competitive ability, and probes into the present level and more effective training methods of the competitive ability of the high level oriented athletes in our country. The conclusion of the study is as follows: 1. According to the analysis, the important degree of competitive ability of high level oriented athletes in colleges and universities is: physical ability, skill, psychology, intelligence and tactics. Establishing the basic frame of competitive ability of orienteering, the first level index is: physical ability, skill, psychology, tactics and intelligence, the second level index is: 2 physical fitness index: 3 000 meters, 5 000 meters, 7 skill indexes: read picture, sense of direction, Run chart rhythm, route choice, distance feeling, point attack, cross-country running, three psychological indicators: stress tolerance, willpower, Focus on two tactical indicators: tactical awareness and tactical use of one intelligent index: intelligence. 3, the overall physical level of high level oriented athletes, in the track and field national secondary stage; The skill level of male orienteering athletes and female orienteering athletes in colleges and universities is in the third stage, but the mastery degree of each index is different, the level of psychological quality is higher; The high level orienteering athletes have strong tactical consciousness and corresponding tactics application before and during the match, so they should pay attention to the instruction and education of tactics if they want to become an excellent athlete, and their intelligence level is also relatively high. However, the intelligence of the male group of high level orienteering athletes is slightly higher than that of the female group of high level orienteering athletes, and the proportion of physical ability and skill is 63% of the whole in the orienteering cross-country sports, so in the training, We should focus on the training of these two aspects. In physical training, we should divide it into campus and outdoor fields in terms of training places, whether in any field should be based on endurance and speed training. In the technical training, we should follow the training law from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, and carry out targeted training according to the lack of athletes themselves, so as to strengthen the comprehensive cross-application of each technical index. Orienteering athletes should focus on three aspects of psychological training: concentration, willpower and stress bearing ability. The tactics training should strengthen the tactics consciousness enhancement and the tactics application simulation training and the actual combat training. The training and training methods of intelligence can improve the intelligence ability of orienteering athletes from the teaching of professional theoretical knowledge, intuitive and heuristic, phased training and the combination of theory and practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G807.4
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