【摘要】：研究目的:在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下,運(yùn)用近紅外光譜技術(shù)客觀地檢測(cè)女大學(xué)生月經(jīng)周期不同時(shí)相任務(wù)態(tài)下對(duì)大腦認(rèn)知執(zhí)行功能的影響,綜合考慮心理、生理指標(biāo),探尋低強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)女大學(xué)生經(jīng)期認(rèn)知執(zhí)行功能的影響,得出結(jié)論。國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于月經(jīng)周期與執(zhí)行功能的研究較為缺乏,本研究在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,探尋雌激素對(duì)認(rèn)知執(zhí)行功能的影響,為低強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)可以緩解女大學(xué)生經(jīng)期心理、生理上的不適感提供理論支持,同時(shí)補(bǔ)充“適當(dāng)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)普遍提高認(rèn)知執(zhí)行功能”的被試人群。研究方法:本研究選取首都體育學(xué)院沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)的本科生或研究生女性共20名。要求每位受試者明確實(shí)驗(yàn)要求和內(nèi)容,簽署知情同意書(shū)后,先后4次去實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)方案要求每名受試者在月經(jīng)周期的不同時(shí)相(卵泡早期、卵泡晚期、黃體期、下一次卵泡早期)來(lái)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成認(rèn)知任務(wù),同時(shí)記錄其nirs、心率變異性等指標(biāo)對(duì)比分析月經(jīng)周期不同時(shí)相間,大腦激活程度以及情緒的差異。兩次卵泡早期完成認(rèn)知任務(wù)之后,分別采用運(yùn)動(dòng)和靜息兩種干預(yù)方式觀測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)經(jīng)期女大學(xué)生認(rèn)知執(zhí)行功能的影響,運(yùn)動(dòng)方案選用健步走方式,即在跑臺(tái)上選擇以53%最大心率為目標(biāo),持續(xù)30分鐘進(jìn)行短時(shí)間低強(qiáng)度的有氧快步走運(yùn)動(dòng),同時(shí)佩戴Polar表以監(jiān)測(cè)心率變化,控制運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。研究結(jié)果:(1).月經(jīng)周期不同時(shí)相2-back認(rèn)知任務(wù)準(zhǔn)確率無(wú)差異,反應(yīng)時(shí)間卵泡晚期較卵泡早期短,P0.01,黃體期較卵泡早期短P0.05,反應(yīng)更快;stroop任務(wù)準(zhǔn)確率無(wú)差異,反應(yīng)時(shí)間卵泡晚期較卵泡早期短P0.05,反應(yīng)更快黃體期較卵泡早期無(wú)差異。(2).女大學(xué)生月經(jīng)周期30min53%最大心率強(qiáng)度跑臺(tái)運(yùn)動(dòng)后,情緒量表積極得分增加,大腦背外側(cè)前額葉皮層氧合血紅蛋白含量增加,心率變異性整體協(xié)調(diào)功能等總體上升P0.01,認(rèn)知任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時(shí)、RPE值下降,P0.01;對(duì)照組靜息前后均無(wú)差異。(3).watson量表測(cè)試,卵泡晚期和黃體期較卵泡早期積極情緒,消極情緒少,但在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上無(wú)顯著差異。研究結(jié)論:(1).月經(jīng)周期不同時(shí)相由于激素的周期性變化,會(huì)影響多巴胺等神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的濃度及活性,從而不同程度的的激活大腦邊緣系統(tǒng),包括海馬、杏仁核、前扣帶皮層等,影響工作記憶等執(zhí)行功能。(2).運(yùn)動(dòng)可以明顯激活外側(cè)前額葉皮層(LPFC)的和前扣帶皮層(ACC)的激活,尤其是背外側(cè)前額葉皮層(DLPFC),增加腦區(qū)血流量,改善執(zhí)行功能。(3).心率變異性、NIRS、血氧飽和度、RPE值等生理生化指標(biāo)可以與心境量表等心理指標(biāo)聯(lián)合使用,反應(yīng)執(zhí)行功能。(4).女大學(xué)生卵泡早期小強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)20min為宜,可以有效緩解身體不適,提高積極情緒,增加大腦血流,激活大腦前額葉皮層,提高認(rèn)知執(zhí)行功能。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on cognitive executive function of female college students in different phases of menstrual cycle in laboratory environment, and to consider the psychological and physiological indexes. To explore the effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise on the cognitive executive function of female college students during menstrual period. There are few researches on menstrual cycle and executive function in China. On the basis of previous studies, this study explores the effect of estrogen on cognitive executive function, which suggests that low-intensity aerobic exercise can relieve the menstrual psychology of female college students. Physiological discomfort provides theoretical support, and supplements the subjects who generally improve cognitive executive function by appropriate aerobic exercise. Methods: this study selected 20 female undergraduates or postgraduates who had no basic sports in Capital Institute of physical Education. Each subject was asked to make clear the requirements and contents of the experiment, and after signing the informed consent, he went to the laboratory 4 times to conduct the experiment. Each participant was asked to perform cognitive tasks at different stages of the menstrual cycle (early follicular, late follicular, luteal, early next follicle). At the same time, the nirs, heart rate variability and other indexes were recorded to analyze the differences of menstrual cycle, brain activation and emotion. After two early follicular cognitive tasks were completed, exercise and rest intervention were used to observe the effects of exercise on cognitive executive function of female college students in menstrual period. That is to say, 53% maximum heart rate was chosen as the target on the platform, which lasted for 30 minutes for short time and low intensity aerobic walking, while wearing Polar meter to monitor heart rate change and control exercise intensity. The results are as follows: (1). There was no difference in the accuracy of 2-back cognitive task in different phases of menstrual cycle. The response time of late follicle was shorter than that of early follicle (P 0.01), the luteal phase was shorter than that of early follicle (P 0.05), and the response rate was faster than that of early follicle. The reaction time of late follicle was shorter than that of early follicle (P0.05), and the reaction time was faster in luteal phase than in early follicular stage. (2). The positive score of emotional scale and the content of oxygenated hemoglobin in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased after running platform exercise with 53% maximal heart rate during the menstrual cycle of female college students. The whole coordination function of heart rate variability increased (P0.01), the response time of cognitive task decreased (P 0.01), and there was no difference before and after rest in the control group. (3) in the late follicular stage and luteal phase, the positive emotion was lower than that in the early follicular stage, and the negative emotion was less in the control group than in the early follicular stage. But there was no statistical difference. Conclusion: (1). Because of the periodic changes of hormones in different phases of menstrual cycle, the concentration and activity of dopamine and other neurotransmitters will be affected, thus activating the limbic system of the brain to varying degrees, including hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, etc. Affect working memory and other executive functions. (2). Exercise could significantly activate the activation of (LPFC) in the lateral prefrontal cortex and (ACC) in the anterior cingulate cortex, especially in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which increased the blood flow in the cerebral area and improved the executive function. (3) Physiological and biochemical indexes such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood oxygen saturation (RPE) and RPE value can be used in combination with psychologic parameters such as mood scale. (4). Small intensity exercise 20min in the early follicular stage of female college students can effectively relieve discomfort, improve positive emotion, increase cerebral blood flow, activate prefrontal cortex, and improve cognitive executive function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G804.2

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