【摘要】：目前中國(guó)是世界上老年人口最多、增長(zhǎng)速度最快的國(guó)家。老齡化問(wèn)題將成為我國(guó)主要的人口問(wèn)題,而老年人口的生活質(zhì)量問(wèn)題就是這個(gè)問(wèn)題的核心,也是社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)課題之一�？茖W(xué)的身體鍛煉是提高老年人口生活質(zhì)量的重要措施之一,對(duì)提高老年人的身心健康具有重要的作用。晨練是老年人進(jìn)行身體鍛煉的主要形式。本研究以55-79歲的新疆城市老年晨練人群為研究對(duì)象,選取不鍛煉的老年人群為對(duì)照組,對(duì)烏魯木齊市、喀什市、阿勒泰市進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研及問(wèn)卷的發(fā)放與回收,了解新疆城市老年人群的晨練現(xiàn)狀,了解新疆城市老年晨練人群生活質(zhì)量的現(xiàn)狀,與不同晨練行為老年人群之間對(duì)比,與不鍛煉老年人群進(jìn)行對(duì)比,來(lái)揭示晨練對(duì)老年人群生活質(zhì)量的影響。為提高新疆老年人的生活質(zhì)量提供科學(xué)的手段和方法,為政府解決日益嚴(yán)重的老齡化現(xiàn)象,引導(dǎo)其走向積極健康老齡化社會(huì)提供理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果顯示:1.新疆城市老年晨練人群中,參加晨練的女性老年人略多于男性老年人;漢族老年人是參加晨練的主力軍;女性老年人喪偶多于男性老年人;老年晨練人群文化水平整體不高;88%的老年晨練人群為離退休人員;空巢老人所占比重為60.25%;在住房、經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)方面有較好的生活保障。2.新疆城市晨練老年人大部分認(rèn)為晨練在他們的生活中占有很重要的地位;老年晨練人群參加晨練的主要目的是維持健康;老年晨練人群選擇的晨練項(xiàng)目大多以輕柔緩和的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目為主;和他人一起參加晨練的人數(shù)多于獨(dú)自參加晨練的人數(shù);部分老年晨練人群對(duì)晨練地點(diǎn)的環(huán)境比較重視;大部分晨練老年人就近選擇晨練地點(diǎn)并根據(jù)自己的體力選擇適宜的運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。3.所調(diào)查的新疆城市老年晨練人群中每天堅(jiān)持晨練的人數(shù)約為3/5;每次晨練的時(shí)間在一小時(shí)以上的人數(shù)達(dá)到77.5%;老年人每周參加晨練的次數(shù)、晨練持續(xù)時(shí)間與老年人從中得到的積極幸福感體驗(yàn)呈正相關(guān)。4.新疆城市老年晨練人群生活質(zhì)量的總分均值為81.574分,表明大部分老年晨練人群生活質(zhì)量非常好,心理健康總評(píng)好于生理健康總評(píng);大部分新疆城市晨練老年人群認(rèn)為自己的身體健康狀況與一年前相比可能變的更好了。5.年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、文化程度、對(duì)晨練的重視程度、晨練的次數(shù)是影響新疆城市老年晨練人群生活質(zhì)量的主要因素,其它因素有關(guān)但不顯著。6.新疆城市老年晨練人群的生活質(zhì)量顯著好于不鍛煉老年人群的生活質(zhì)量;晨練對(duì)提高喪偶老年人群的生活質(zhì)量具有重要意義。7.晨練對(duì)老年人的生理健康、心理健康、社會(huì)支持方面有重要的作用。
[Abstract]:At present, China is the world's largest elderly population, the fastest-growing country. The problem of aging will become the main population problem in China, and the quality of life of the elderly population is the core of this problem, and it is also one of the hot topics in the field of sociology. Scientific physical exercise is one of the important measures to improve the quality of life of the elderly population and plays an important role in improving the physical and mental health of the elderly. Morning exercise is the main form of physical exercise for the elderly. In this study, the elderly aged 55-79 years old people in Xinjiang city morning exercise were selected as the control group, the Urumqi City, Kashi City, Altay City were investigated and questionnaires were distributed and recovered in Urumqi City, Kashi City and Aletai City. To understand the current situation of morning exercise among the urban elderly in Xinjiang, to understand the present situation of the quality of life of the elderly in Xinjiang, to compare it with the elderly with different morning exercise behaviors, and to compare with the elderly people who do not exercise. To reveal the impact of morning exercise on the quality of life of the elderly. It provides scientific means and methods for improving the quality of life of the elderly in Xinjiang, and provides theoretical and practical basis for the government to solve the increasingly serious aging phenomenon and guide it to a positive and healthy aging society. The results of the study show that 1: 1. Among the urban elderly people in Xinjiang, the number of elderly women taking part in morning exercise is slightly higher than that of men; the elderly of Han nationality are the main force to participate in morning exercises; the elderly women are widowed more than the elderly men; The total education level of the elderly morning exercisers is not high 88% of the elderly morning exercisers are retirees; the proportion of empty nest elderly is 60.25; in housing, economic sources, medical insurance, there is a better life security. 2. Most of the old people in the city of Xinjiang think that morning exercise plays an important role in their life, and the main purpose of the elderly morning exercises is to maintain their health. Most of the morning exercises selected by the elderly people are gentle and gentle sports; the number of people who participate in morning exercises with others is more than the number of people who take part in morning exercises alone; part of the elderly people pay more attention to the environment of the morning exercises place; Most of the morning exercise elderly choose the nearest exercise site and choose the appropriate exercise intensity. 3 according to their physical strength. The number of urban elderly morning exercises surveyed in Xinjiang was about three-fifths of those who persisted in morning exercises every day; the number of people who took part in morning exercises for more than an hour per morning exercise reached 77.5; the number of elderly people participating in morning exercises per week was 77.5. The duration of morning exercise was positively correlated with the positive happiness experience of the elderly. 4. 4. The average score of the quality of life of the elderly people in Xinjiang was 81.574, which indicated that most of the elderly people had a very good quality of life, and the general evaluation of mental health was better than that of physiological health. Most urban elderly people in Xinjiang think their health may be better than a year ago. Age, sex, marital status, education level, the degree of attention to morning exercise, the number of morning exercises are the main factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly people in Xinjiang, other factors are related but not significant. 6. The quality of life of the elderly people in Xinjiang is significantly better than that of the old people who do not exercise, and it is of great significance to improve the quality of life of the widowed elderly people. Morning exercise plays an important role in the physical health, mental health and social support of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G812.48

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