【摘要】：我國古代的射箭運動,不僅是一種身體的活動,更是一種飽含著民族傳統(tǒng)的古老且悠久的社會文化活動。兩漢,作為射箭運動發(fā)展的重要時期,在傳承了前人射箭運動的基礎(chǔ)之上,為后世射箭運動的發(fā)展奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。本文主要采取文獻資料法、古漢語考釋法以及邏輯分析法等研究手段,就這一時期弓弩形制、射箭技術(shù)、秋射制度、射獵活動四個方面作較為系統(tǒng)的梳理與研究,試圖對大漢王朝射箭運動的整體發(fā)展,有一個基本面貌的呈現(xiàn),同時總結(jié)它的發(fā)展規(guī)律和特征,以便人們通過射箭這一視角能夠更好地把握和認識兩漢體育。本研究得出的主要結(jié)論是:第一,射箭工具制作與射箭技術(shù)發(fā)展的規(guī)范化。一方面,兩漢射箭工具的形制與先秦相比有了較大的改進,尤其是弩的運用與發(fā)展,在兩漢達到了鼎盛。它的生產(chǎn)與制作均有明細的分工,并出現(xiàn)了專業(yè)化、標準化趨勢。另一方面,兩漢大量射術(shù)著作的問世,在普及射箭知識的同時推動了射箭技術(shù)的規(guī)范化發(fā)展。第二,射箭活動的普及與實用化。一方面,兩漢射箭活動的參與主體逐漸廣泛和普及,不管是軍事訓練中的“課”、“�！鄙浼�,還是民間自發(fā)組織的娛樂射箭,其參與人群既有天子也有士卒,既有貴族也有平民。另一方面,兩漢時期的射箭運動更加注重實用價值,如軍隊中成為“長技”之一;生活中的要求是“居則習民于射法”。第三,秋射制度推動了射箭形式的競技化。有著競技性質(zhì)的秋射制度的出現(xiàn),是兩漢時期射箭發(fā)展最重要的特色。秋射在當時西北邊郡已經(jīng)形成了一個慣例,并有著大家共同遵守的辦事規(guī)程和行動準則。它已發(fā)展成兩漢時期的一種專門人才選拔制度,一種體育競賽制度。
[Abstract]:The archery movement in ancient China is not only a kind of body activity, but also an ancient and long social and cultural activity full of national tradition. Han Dynasty, as an important period of archery development, laid a solid foundation for the future development of archery movement on the basis of inheriting the previous archery movement. This article mainly adopts the literature method, the ancient Chinese textual research method and the logic analysis method and so on research means, in this period crossbow shape, archery technology, autumn shooting system, shooting activities four aspects of a more systematic combing and research. This paper attempts to present a basic appearance of archery movement in the Han Dynasty, and summarizes its development rules and characteristics, so that people can better grasp and understand the sports of Han Dynasty through the angle of view of archery. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the standardization of archery tool making and archery technology development. On the one hand, the shape of archery tools in the Han Dynasty was greatly improved compared with the Pre-Qin Dynasty, especially the application and development of crossbow, which reached its peak in the Han Dynasty. Its production and production have a detailed division of labor, and appeared specialization, standardization trend. On the other hand, the publication of a large number of works on archery in Han Dynasty promoted the standardization of archery technology while popularizing the knowledge of archery. Second, the popularization and practicality of archery. On the one hand, the participants in archery activities in the Han Dynasty became more and more popular, whether they were "lessons", "schools" in military training, or recreational archery organized by private organizations. There are nobles and civilians alike. On the other hand, the archery movement in the Han Dynasty paid more attention to practical value, such as becoming one of the "long skills" in the army; Third, the autumn shooting system promoted the competitive form of archery. The appearance of autumn shooting system with competitive nature is the most important characteristic of archery development in Han Dynasty. Qiuzheng had formed a convention in Northwestern County and had common rules and rules of conduct. It has developed into a special talent selection system, a sports competition system during the Han Dynasty.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G852.9

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