【摘要】：東壩大馬燈作為國家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn),起源于唐,盛行于宋,是流傳千載的民間民俗體育活動(dòng),通過東壩鎮(zhèn)老、青、少三代人的組合,以竹馬的形式演繹三國戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),表達(dá)崇尚“忠義”的傳統(tǒng)道德思想和對(duì)“天下太平”、“和諧社會(huì)”的向往。本文運(yùn)用田野調(diào)查法、文獻(xiàn)資料法、問卷調(diào)查法等研究方法,對(duì)東壩大馬燈的歷史淵源、興辦程序、表演形式、多元價(jià)值以及“大馬燈”的開展現(xiàn)狀等進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析,研究得出：(1)東壩大馬燈誕生于南京高淳縣的東壩鎮(zhèn),是人們效仿《三國演義》劉備、張飛等好漢戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)情景,并結(jié)合軍旅戰(zhàn)陣法,演變成祈福、保安的民俗表演。大馬燈具有健身、健心、凝聚文化等多元的社會(huì)功能,它有一套嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)呐d辦程序(從興燈、扎燈、點(diǎn)燈、接燈、罷燈)、組織安排、表演次序(依次為“祭祀陣”、“三角陣”、“四角陣”、“交叉陣”、“天下太平”、“歡聚陣”、“圓場(chǎng)陣”)。(2)現(xiàn)在東壩大馬燈只有一只45人的表演隊(duì),由大馬燈表演隊(duì)和鎮(zhèn)文化站共同組織,隊(duì)員以中老年和兒童為主,馬匹表演都為男性并且受文化教育程度普遍偏低,大馬燈平均每年表演1-3場(chǎng),表演時(shí)間不固定,隊(duì)員訓(xùn)練采用隨演、隨練的突擊方式,不夠系統(tǒng),出勤不高,其發(fā)展?fàn)顩r不容樂觀。(3)現(xiàn)代急功近利思想及娛樂文化使傳統(tǒng)文化發(fā)展迷失：西方體育沖擊使傳統(tǒng)體育地位尷尬；東壩大馬燈本身推廣難度大。這些因素引起了東壩大馬燈一系列的問題：主體參與人的減少,“大馬燈”后備人才的不足,特別是軋制技藝人員的缺失；訓(xùn)練情況不容樂觀；傳承形式單一；活動(dòng)經(jīng)費(fèi)短缺并且來源途徑單一。(4)針對(duì)東壩大馬燈民俗體育傳承現(xiàn)狀中的問題,提出以下策略：1)在政府的宏觀調(diào)控下,促進(jìn)東壩大馬燈向市場(chǎng)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展；2)建立培訓(xùn)基地和協(xié)會(huì),努力構(gòu)造傳承的文化環(huán)境；3)科學(xué)構(gòu)建完善的東壩大馬燈理論與技術(shù)體系；4)民間家庭傳授方式與主流學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合,提高青少年的文化認(rèn)同。
[Abstract]:As a national intangible cultural heritage, Dongba Dama Lantern originated in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. It is a folk sports activity that has been circulating for thousands of years. Through the combination of three generations of old, green and young people in Dongba Town, the battlefield of the three Kingdoms is interpreted in the form of bamboo and horse. Express the traditional moral thought of advocating "loyalty and righteousness" and yearning for "peace in the world" and "harmonious society". Based on the methods of field investigation, literature research and questionnaire investigation, this paper investigates and analyzes the historical origin, establishment procedure, performance form, multivariate value and the present situation of "Da-Ma Lantern" in Dongba. The results are as follows: (1) Dongba Dama Lantern was born in Dongba Town of Gaochun County, Nanjing. It is a folk show in which people imitate the battlefield scenes of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei, and combine with the military combat method, and evolve into a folk show of blessing and security. Big horse lantern has the pluralistic social function such as fitness, healthy heart, agglomeration culture and so on. It has a set of rigorous founding procedures (from Xing lantern, lighting lamp, picking up lamp, striking lamp), organizing and arranging, performing order (in order of "sacrificial array", "triangle array"). "Tetragonal", "Cross Array", "Peace in the World", "Joy", "Round Field"). (2) at present, Dongba Big Horse Lantern has only one performance team of 45 people, which is jointly organized by the Big Horse Lantern performance team and the town cultural station. The players were mainly middle-aged and old people and children, and the horse performances were male and generally undereducated. On average, the big horse lights performed 1-3 times a year, and the performance time was not fixed. The training of the players was not systematic enough. Attendance is not high, its development is not optimistic. (3) the modern thought of quick success and instant profit and entertainment culture make the development of traditional culture lose; the impact of western sports makes the status of traditional sports awkward; Dongba Da-Ma lamp itself is difficult to popularize. These factors caused a series of problems: the decrease of the main participants, the shortage of the reserve talents, especially the lack of the rolling technicians, the training situation is not optimistic, the form of inheritance is single, the training situation is not optimistic, the form of inheritance is single, the training condition is not optimistic, the form of inheritance is single, and the training condition is not optimistic. (4) aiming at the problems in the present situation of Dongba Dama lantern folk sports inheritance, the following strategies are put forward: 1) under the macro-control of the government, to promote the Dongba Dama lantern to marketization and industrialization development; 2) establishing training bases and associations, and constructing cultural environment of inheritance. 3) constructing perfect theory and technology system of Dama lamp in Dongba. 4) combining folk family teaching method with mainstream school education to improve the cultural identity of teenagers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G852.9

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本文編號(hào)：2213890