本文選題：PNF拉伸法 + 排球　； 參考：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)于任何一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)而言,柔韌素質(zhì)都是運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須具備的身體素質(zhì)之一,拉伸練習(xí)是提高柔韌性的主要方法,是運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的重要組成部分。良好的柔韌素質(zhì)不僅能夠提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn),還可以預(yù)防損傷,延長(zhǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)壽命。在發(fā)展柔韌性的練習(xí)中靜力拉伸、動(dòng)力拉伸和PNF拉伸是目前研究中最為常見(jiàn)的方法。PNF拉伸法作為一種較新穎的訓(xùn)練方法,是由康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域引入到運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)域中,用于改善機(jī)體柔韌性和協(xié)調(diào)性。PNF拉伸法遵循本體感覺(jué)神經(jīng)肌肉易化術(shù)的基本理論,以主動(dòng)—助力牽伸為主要形式,是一種常見(jiàn)的物理治療方法。隨著PNF拉伸法的廣泛應(yīng)用與發(fā)展,這種拉伸方式被運(yùn)用到許多運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目中,但在排球運(yùn)動(dòng)中的運(yùn)用及研究較少。排球運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體協(xié)調(diào)配合以及速度、力量、柔韌、靈敏、耐力等各項(xiàng)綜合素質(zhì)要求較高的體育項(xiàng)目,要求運(yùn)動(dòng)員具備良好的感覺(jué)、較高的反應(yīng)、靈敏和協(xié)調(diào)能力,這對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員基本素質(zhì)之一的柔韌素質(zhì)提出了更高的要求。為此,本研究從排球項(xiàng)目特點(diǎn)出發(fā),探究PNF拉伸法對(duì)排球?qū)ｍ?xiàng)學(xué)生柔韌素質(zhì)的影響,以期通過(guò)柔韌素質(zhì)的提高帶動(dòng)其它素質(zhì)直接或間接的增強(qiáng),進(jìn)而提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的競(jìng)技能力,獲得優(yōu)異運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī),減少運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷,延長(zhǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)壽命。本研究主要采用實(shí)驗(yàn)法、文獻(xiàn)資料法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法,將傳統(tǒng)拉伸方法與PNF拉伸法進(jìn)行對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。選取12名北京體育大學(xué)教育學(xué)院2014級(jí)男子排球?qū)ｍ?xiàng)學(xué)生為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組,進(jìn)行8周的拉伸練習(xí),實(shí)驗(yàn)前后分別測(cè)試運(yùn)動(dòng)員髖關(guān)節(jié)、軀干和肩關(guān)節(jié)的柔韌狀況,對(duì)比分析實(shí)驗(yàn)前后實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)變化情況,結(jié)果表明:(1)傳統(tǒng)拉伸法與PNF拉伸法對(duì)髖關(guān)節(jié)柔韌素質(zhì)的影響存在顯著性差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,PNF拉伸是改善股四頭肌、股后肌群、韌帶伸展性,提高髖關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)幅度更為有效的方法。(2)軀干柔韌素質(zhì)測(cè)試成績(jī)表明傳統(tǒng)拉伸組與PNF拉伸組有顯著性差異。PNF拉伸法對(duì)拉伸軀干兩側(cè)肌群,加大脊柱側(cè)屈和軀干后伸幅度更為顯著。(3)傳統(tǒng)拉伸組與PNF拉伸組肩關(guān)節(jié)柔韌基本無(wú)顯著性差異。傳統(tǒng)拉伸法和PNF拉伸法對(duì)提高排球?qū)ｍ?xiàng)學(xué)生肩關(guān)節(jié)柔韌素質(zhì)都有一定效果,說(shuō)明二者都有助于提高肩關(guān)節(jié)柔韌性。
[Abstract]:For any sport, flexibility is one of the physical qualities that athletes must possess. Stretching exercise is the main method to improve flexibility and an important part of sports training. Good flexibility can not only improve athletes' performance, but also prevent injury and prolong sports life. In the practice of developing flexibility, static stretching, dynamic stretching and PNF stretching are the most common methods in the present study. PNF stretching, as a relatively novel training method, is introduced into the sports field from the field of rehabilitation medicine. In order to improve the flexibility and coordination of the body. PNF stretching method follows the basic theory of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. It is a common physical therapy with active-assisted drafting as the main form. With the wide application and development of PNF stretching method, this stretching method has been used in many sports, but it is seldom used and studied in volleyball. Volleyball is a sports event which requires high overall quality, such as speed, strength, flexibility, agility, endurance and so on. It requires athletes to have good feeling, high reaction, agility and coordination ability. This puts forward higher requirements for the flexibility of one of the basic qualities of athletes. Therefore, based on the characteristics of volleyball events, this study explores the influence of PNF stretching method on the flexibility of volleyball special students, in order to promote the enhancement of other qualities directly or indirectly through the improvement of flexibility, and then to improve the competitive ability of athletes. Obtain excellent sports results, reduce sports injuries, and prolong sports life. This study mainly adopts the experimental method, the literature method and the mathematical statistics method, carries on the contrast experiment research between the traditional drawing method and the PNF drawing method. Twelve male volleyball students of Grade 2014 in Beijing physical Education University were randomly divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. The subjects were divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. After 8 weeks of stretching exercise, the hip joints of the athletes were tested before and after the experiment. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences between the traditional stretching method and PNF stretching method on the flexibility of hip joint. The results show that PNF stretching can improve the extension of quadriceps femoris, posterior femoral muscles and ligaments. (2) the results of trunk flexibility test showed that there was significant difference between the traditional stretching group and the PNF stretching group. (3) there was no significant difference in shoulder flexibility between traditional stretching group and PNF extension group. The traditional stretching method and PNF stretching method have certain effect on improving the flexibility of shoulder joint of volleyball special students, which shows that both of them can help to improve the flexibility of shoulder joint.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G842-4

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