本文選題：跑步機(jī) + 運(yùn)動(dòng)處方��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：科技水平和經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的快速發(fā)展,極大地改變了我們的生活方式,體力活動(dòng)越來越少,營養(yǎng)攝入越來越多,人們普遍出現(xiàn)營養(yǎng)過剩和運(yùn)動(dòng)能力下降,由此引發(fā)的慢性疾病發(fā)病率持續(xù)增加,嚴(yán)重危害人類的身心健康。近年來,人們逐漸意識到這一問題的嚴(yán)重性,在世衛(wèi)組織和健康專家的積極倡導(dǎo)下,合理飲食和適度運(yùn)動(dòng)成為健康促進(jìn)的共識。所謂適度運(yùn)動(dòng),即是指根據(jù)不同的個(gè)體健康狀況和運(yùn)動(dòng)能力進(jìn)行適量的健身運(yùn)動(dòng),在保證安全的前提下達(dá)到健身目標(biāo)。這種基于健康狀況和當(dāng)前的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力,針對特定健身目標(biāo)的安全、有效的健身方案就是運(yùn)動(dòng)處方。近年來,運(yùn)動(dòng)處方是運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)健康領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),國內(nèi)外涌現(xiàn)了許多優(yōu)秀的研究成果。運(yùn)動(dòng)處方主要包含運(yùn)動(dòng)形式、運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間、運(yùn)動(dòng)頻次及運(yùn)動(dòng)中注意事項(xiàng)等內(nèi)容。心肺耐力(Cardiorespiratory Fitness,縮寫為CRF)作為人體健康水平的重要指標(biāo),是體質(zhì)健康各組成部分的核心要素之一。心肺耐力與心血管疾病正相關(guān),心率是監(jiān)測心血管功能的方法之一,是心臟能夠承受負(fù)荷大小的量化指標(biāo),常用來監(jiān)測心血管生理指標(biāo)。良好的心肺耐力有利于提高身體的各方面效應(yīng)、預(yù)防慢性疾病,促進(jìn)身體健康及進(jìn)入人體內(nèi)氧的利用,進(jìn)而提高能量代謝,延長運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間。體成分也是體質(zhì)健康的重要要素,與人體的健康狀況密切相關(guān),可以用來評價(jià)身體健康狀況和體力水平,還可以用來評價(jià)鍛煉效果,并且與心肺耐力水平具有相關(guān)性�？梢�,提高心肺耐力、控制體成分對增強(qiáng)人們運(yùn)動(dòng)能力及降低疾病發(fā)生率具有顯著意義。提高心肺耐力的方式有跑步、游泳、登山、騎行……,每種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式都有各自獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。其中,跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)心肺耐力的提升、體脂率和安靜心率的降低等,又具有簡單易行、約束少的特點(diǎn),深受人們的喜愛,是一種普適性的大眾健身運(yùn)動(dòng)。本文提出一種基于跑步機(jī)的提升心肺耐力的運(yùn)動(dòng)處方：(1)設(shè)計(jì)了運(yùn)動(dòng)處方的控制算法,基于當(dāng)前健康體征和當(dāng)前實(shí)測的心肺耐力確定鍛煉的運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,實(shí)現(xiàn)程序控制跑步機(jī)自動(dòng)改變速度和坡度,引導(dǎo)健身對象進(jìn)行個(gè)性化強(qiáng)度、安全有效的規(guī)則化跑步運(yùn)動(dòng),并考察了心肺耐力鍛煉對體成分的影響。首先,獲取健身對象基本信息(年齡、身高、安靜心率等),對健身對象做慢性疾病問卷調(diào)查,測試健身對象體成分；其次,采用基于跑步機(jī)的二級／三級負(fù)荷測試心肺耐力；最后,根據(jù)健身對象的最大預(yù)測心率,確定運(yùn)動(dòng)靶心率范圍,根據(jù)心率和運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的線性關(guān)系,獲得對應(yīng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度范圍,再轉(zhuǎn)換成跑步機(jī)的速度和坡度序列,引導(dǎo)受試者進(jìn)行跑步鍛煉。(2)邀請32名青年受試者進(jìn)行為期8周的跟蹤實(shí)驗(yàn),對比分析實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了運(yùn)動(dòng)處方的有效性。32名受試者分為4組,分別為運(yùn)動(dòng)處方干預(yù)組、自主運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)組和兩類不干預(yù)對照組。為期八周的跟蹤實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對比顯示：運(yùn)動(dòng)處方干預(yù)組和自主運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)組體脂率呈非常顯著性差異(p0.01),運(yùn)動(dòng)處方干預(yù)組組心肺耐力水平呈非常顯著性差異(p0.01),自主運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)組心肺耐力水平呈顯著性差異(p0.05),兩組不干預(yù)組體脂率和心肺耐力水平無顯著變化(p0.05)。驗(yàn)證了本文提出的心肺耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)處方對于提升心肺耐力和降低體脂率都有顯著效果。本文結(jié)論可為制定青年或其他人群的提升心肺耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)處方、減脂運(yùn)動(dòng)處方提供參考,同時(shí)也為跑步機(jī)的更新?lián)Q代和應(yīng)用拓展提供了數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of scientific and technological level and economic level has greatly changed the way of life, less and less physical activity, more and more nutrition intake. People generally appear overnutrition and the decline of exercise ability. The incidence of chronic diseases is increasing and seriously endangering the physical and mental health of human beings. In recent years, people have gradually realized that The seriousness of this problem, with the active advocacy of the health organization and health experts, is the consensus of health promotion by reasonable diet and moderate exercise. The so-called moderate exercise refers to the proper exercise according to the individual health and ability to exercise, and to achieve the fitness goal under the premise of ensuring safety. This is based on health. In recent years, sports prescription is a hot spot in the field of sports promotion and health, and many excellent research results have emerged at home and abroad. Sports Prescriptions include sports form, exercise intensity, exercise time, sports frequency and transportation. Cardiopulmonary endurance (Cardiorespiratory Fitness, abbreviated CRF), as an important indicator of the health level of the body, is one of the core elements of the health components of the body. Cardiopulmonary endurance is positively related to cardiovascular disease. Heart rate is one of the methods for monitoring cardiovascular function, and the amount of the heart can withstand the size of the load. Good cardiopulmonary endurance is used to monitor cardiovascular physiological indicators. Good cardiopulmonary endurance is beneficial to improve the effects of all aspects of the body, prevent chronic diseases, promote health and access to the use of oxygen in the body, and then improve energy metabolism and prolong exercise time. Body composition is also an important element of physical health and is closely related to the health of the human body. It can be used to evaluate physical and physical fitness levels, and can also be used to evaluate exercise effects and to be related to the level of cardiopulmonary endurance. It can be seen that improving the cardiopulmonary endurance, the control body components are significant to enhance the ability of people to exercise and reduce the incidence of disease. The ways of raising cardiopulmonary endurance are running, swimming, mountaineering, and riding. Each sports form has its own unique advantages. Among them, running can achieve the improvement of heart and lung endurance, the decrease of body fat rate and quiet heart rate. It has the characteristics of simple and low restraint, which is popular among people. It is a popular fitness exercise. This paper proposes a treadmill to improve the heart and lung endurance. Exercise prescription: (1) the control algorithm of exercise prescription is designed. Based on the current health signs and the current measured cardiopulmonary endurance, the exercise intensity is determined. The program controls the speed and slope of the treadmill to automatically change the speed and the slope, guides the body of the body to carry on the individualized intensity, the safe and effective regular running movement, and inspects the cardiopulmonary endurance exercise. First, obtain the basic information of fitness object (age, height, quiet heart rate, etc.), do a questionnaire survey on chronic disease, test the body composition of fitness object, and then test the cardiopulmonary endurance by two / three level load based on treadmill, and finally, determine the target of exercise target according to the maximum forecast heart rate of the fitness object. The range of heart rate, according to the linear relationship between heart rate and motion intensity, obtained the corresponding range of motion intensity, then converted into a treadmill speed and gradient sequence, and guided the subjects to do running exercises. (2) 32 young subjects were invited for a 8 week follow-up experiment, and the effectiveness of the exercise prescription was verified by comparison and analysis of the results of.32 names. The subjects were divided into 4 groups: exercise prescription intervention group, autonomous exercise intervention group and two kind of non intervention control group. The eight week follow-up experiment data showed that the body fat rate of the exercise prescription intervention group and the autonomous exercise group showed a very significant difference (P0.01), and the cardiopulmonary endurance level of the exercise prescription intervention group was significantly different (P 0.01) there was a significant difference in the level of cardiopulmonary endurance in the autonomous exercise group (P0.05), and there was no significant change in the body fat rate and the cardiopulmonary endurance level in the two groups (P0.05). The results showed that the cardiopulmonary endurance exercise prescription presented in this paper had significant effect on improving the cardiopulmonary endurance and reducing the body fat rate. It provides reference for improving exercise prescription of cardiopulmonary endurance and reducing fat exercise prescription, and also provides data support for renewal and application expansion of treadmill.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G804.2

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