本文選題：老年人 + 休閑性體力活動　； 參考：《南京師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市建成環(huán)境與老年人休閑性體力活動的研究構(gòu)成了國際公共健康領域研究新的熱點。本文在系統(tǒng)分析老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境內(nèi)涵、內(nèi)在制約因素、知識體系以及評價原則基礎上,利用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型對老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境的指標體系展開研究,尋找一條具有科學性、普遍性和可持續(xù)性的老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境評價路徑。之后,利用模糊綜合評價方法對老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境進行評價應用研究,把握城市社區(qū)老年人對于休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境的關注焦點和滿意度,反映城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境存在的不足,以此結(jié)合有效的規(guī)劃手段制定促進老年人休閑性體力活動的對策建議。通過分析得出結(jié)論:(1)構(gòu)建出老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境評價指標體系,包括5個一級指標、16個二級指標。(2)提出假設模型,即目的地可及性、活動環(huán)境及設施安全性、活動環(huán)境美觀性、居住適宜性和交通通達性對老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境有正向影響。通過結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型計算得出相對擬合指數(shù)、絕對擬合指數(shù)和簡約擬合指數(shù)等指標,驗證老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境評價模型與數(shù)據(jù)相匹配,模型擬合可以接受,本研究提出的假設模型成立。(3)使用標準化估計值模型路徑系數(shù)計算指標權重,即通過因子負荷系數(shù)計算權重大小,求出指標權重以及各個維度的權重,進行賦權,可為后續(xù)的將來相關研究提供了理論指導。(4)從社區(qū)老年人群視角出發(fā),結(jié)合南京市棲霞區(qū)堯化門街道4個社區(qū)的案例,以老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境評價指標體系為依據(jù),采用模糊評價法進行休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境評價。結(jié)果表明,老年人休閑性體力活動城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境的模糊綜合評價結(jié)果偏低,城市社區(qū)建成環(huán)境存在“短板”問題。具體看來老年人關注出行交通條件、配套基礎設施和環(huán)境衛(wèi)生情況,而社區(qū)治安和居住適宜性關注較少。老年人對交通通達性和配套基礎設施較滿意,而對居住適宜性和目的地可及性的評價較低。由此建議城市社區(qū)針對老年人關注度較低的因子,應采取有針對性的漸進式改善模式。對于關注度較高同時滿意度也較高的因子,未來應在現(xiàn)有環(huán)境基礎上更加完善強化。對于低關注度高滿意度的因子,城市社區(qū)可以暫緩規(guī)劃不作為重點,優(yōu)先解決其他環(huán)境問題。
[Abstract]:The study of urban built environment and leisure physical activity of the elderly constitutes a new research hotspot in the field of international public health. Based on the systematic analysis of the connotation of the urban community building environment, the inherent restrictive factors, the knowledge system and the evaluation principle, the paper analyzes the leisure physical activity of the elderly. Based on the structural equation model, this paper studies the index system of the environment built in the urban community of the elderly leisure physical activity, in order to find a scientific one. Universal and sustainable recreational physical activity of the elderly urban communities built an environmental assessment path. After that, using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate and apply the urban community built environment of the elderly leisure physical activity, we can grasp the attention focus and satisfaction of the elderly in the urban community for the leisure physical activity urban community built environment. It reflects the deficiency of the built environment in the urban community, so as to make the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the leisure physical activity of the elderly combined with the effective planning means. Conclusion: 1) construct an environmental evaluation index system of urban community for recreational physical activity of the elderly, including 5 first-grade indicators and 16 second-level indicators. (2) propose a hypothetical model, that is, destination accessibility. The safety of the activity environment and facilities, the aesthetics of the activity environment, the suitability of residence and the accessibility of traffic have positive effects on the urban community building environment of the elderly leisure physical activity. The relative fitting index, absolute fitting index and reduced fitting index were obtained by calculating the structural equation model. It was verified that the environmental evaluation model built by the elderly leisure physical activity city community matched with the data, and the model fitting was acceptable. The hypothetical model proposed in this study is established. (3) using the standardized estimation value model path coefficient to calculate the index weight, that is, to calculate the weight through the factor load coefficient, to calculate the index weight and the weight of each dimension, and to weight the index. From the perspective of community elderly people, combined with the case of four communities in Qixia District, Nanjing City, Yaohuamen Street, Based on the evaluation index system of the urban community building environment for the elderly leisure physical activity, the fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate the urban community building environment of the leisure physical activity city. The results showed that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of the urban community built environment for the elderly leisure physical activity were low, and the problem of "short board" existed in the urban community built environment. In particular, the elderly pay attention to travel conditions, supporting infrastructure and environmental hygiene, but less attention is paid to community security and residence suitability. The elderly people are satisfied with the transportation accessibility and supporting infrastructure, but the evaluation of residence suitability and destination accessibility is low. Therefore, it is suggested that the urban community should adopt a targeted progressive improvement model in view of the factors of low attention to the elderly. In the future, the factors of higher attention and higher satisfaction should be improved and strengthened on the basis of the existing environment. For the factors of low attention and high satisfaction, urban communities can defer planning as a focus and give priority to solving other environmental problems.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G812.48

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本文編號：2023651