本文選題：中超 + 裁判�。� 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在足球比賽中裁判員對運(yùn)動員犯規(guī)的準(zhǔn)確判罰是構(gòu)成比賽的重要因素之一,也是比賽能夠順利進(jìn)行的基本保障,裁判員能夠比賽中的判罰掌握運(yùn)動員的犯規(guī)特征,這樣裁判員以有效增強(qiáng)其在比賽中判罰的預(yù)判性和準(zhǔn)確性。中超聯(lián)賽是我們職業(yè)足球的最高級別比賽,在一定程度上代表了中國足球的整體發(fā)展水平。本文綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、調(diào)查法、觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法、邏輯法對中超聯(lián)賽三個賽季90場比賽裁判員的判罰特征進(jìn)行研究對比,旨在揭示中超聯(lián)賽裁判員判罰特征的內(nèi)在規(guī)律,這也有助于對裁判員在執(zhí)法比賽中有一個理論性的參考。通過統(tǒng)計(jì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1.近三個賽季中超聯(lián)賽裁判判罰犯規(guī)次數(shù)最多的賽季為2015賽季。三個賽季每場場均犯規(guī)30--39次。三個賽季主要是第一、三階段的犯規(guī)居多。2.裁判員在判罰犯規(guī)類型中主要以直接任意球判罰為主,直接任意球的判罰主要以踢、絆、拉扯為主要犯規(guī)。在近三年直接任意球的犯規(guī)類型有顯著差異,以踢鏟、絆等較為危險的下肢犯規(guī)動作逐年減少。吹罰犯規(guī)的部位下肢犯規(guī)最多,軀干犯規(guī)最少。3.三個賽季的裁判判罰犯規(guī)時間中下半場的犯規(guī)要多于上半場,三個賽季中犯規(guī)次數(shù)最多的主要在上下半場的最后十五分鐘。4.三個賽季的犯規(guī)區(qū)域沒有顯著差異,其中前中區(qū)域的犯規(guī)次數(shù)最多,在把場區(qū)分成前、后、中三區(qū)域,中場的犯規(guī)次數(shù)最多。5.2016賽季裁判員出示的黃牌數(shù)最多,三個賽季黃牌趨勢呈現(xiàn)遞增趨勢,紅牌出現(xiàn)遞減趨勢。三個賽季中第一階段的紅黃牌次數(shù)最多,下半場出示的紅黃牌次數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于上半場,出示紅黃牌最多的時間為比賽的最后十五分鐘。非體育行為是出示黃牌最主要的犯規(guī)形式,1+1和破壞得分機(jī)會在三個賽季中是出示紅牌中的最要表現(xiàn)形式。6.三個賽季中場球員的犯規(guī)次數(shù)最多,其次是后衛(wèi)、前鋒。中場球員的犯規(guī)區(qū)域主要集中在中場區(qū)域和前場區(qū)域,后衛(wèi)犯規(guī)的區(qū)域主要集中在中后場區(qū)域和兩個邊路區(qū)域,前鋒的犯規(guī)主要集中在前場區(qū)域。7.三個賽季越位次數(shù)最多的為2015賽季,越位犯規(guī)的次數(shù)在1--5次/每場,越位犯規(guī)的時間主要集中在下半場,越位的區(qū)域主要集中在前中區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:One of the important factors that constitute the match is the accurate judgment and punishment of the player's foul in the football match, and it is also the basic guarantee that the match can proceed smoothly. The referee can grasp the characteristics of the player's foul in the decision of the match. In this way, the referee can effectively enhance their prediction and accuracy in the game. The Chinese Super League is the highest level of our professional football, to a certain extent, represents the overall level of development of Chinese football. In this paper, the characteristics of referees' punishment in 90 matches in three seasons of the Chinese Super League are studied and compared by the methods of literature, investigation, observation, mathematical statistics and logic. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the inherent law of the referee's penalty characteristics in the Chinese Super League, which is also helpful for the referee to have a theoretical reference in the law enforcement competition. Through statistical research, we find that: 1. The most frequent fouls in the last three seasons were in 2015. The average foul is 30-39 per game in three seasons. Most fouls in the first and third stages of the three seasons are 2. 2. In the types of fouls, referees mainly take direct free kicks as the main punishment, and the direct free kicks mainly kick, trip and pull as the main fouls. In the last three years, there are significant differences in the types of fouls of direct free kicks, such as shovel, tripping and other dangerous lower limb fouls. The lower limb fouls the most, the torso fouls the least. 3. The number of fouls in the second half of the three seasons was more than in the first half, and the most frequent fouls in the three seasons were in the last 15 minutes of the second half. There was no significant difference in the foul areas in the three seasons, with the most fouls in the front and middle regions, and the highest number of fouls in the midfield in the first, the third, the midfield, the highest number of yellow cards presented by the referees in the 5.2016 season. The three seasons yellow card trend presents the increasing trend, the red card appears the decline tendency. The first stage of the three seasons saw the most red and yellow cards, and the second half produced far more red and yellow cards than in the first half, with the maximum number of red and yellow cards in the last 15 minutes of the game. Non-sports behavior is the main form of foul for yellow cards and the chance to break points in three seasons is the most important form of red card. 6. Midfield players have the most fouls in three seasons, followed by defenders and strikers. The fouls of the midfield players are mainly concentrated in the midfield and the front field, the defensive fouls are mainly concentrated in the middle and back field and two flanks, and the forwards' fouls are mainly in the front field .7. The most offside times in three seasons are 2015, the offside fouls are 1 to 5 times per game, the offside fouls are mainly concentrated in the second half, the offside areas are mainly in the front and middle areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G843

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