本文選題：乒乓球 + 頂級運動員��； 參考：《上海體育學(xué)院》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：盡管高水平乒乓球運動員已經(jīng)具備較穩(wěn)定的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)能力,但由于比賽的對抗性,運動員的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)發(fā)揮受他們賽中心理狀態(tài)及對手發(fā)揮狀況的影響。在乒乓球比賽中,比分的變化與運動員心理狀態(tài)的波動有密切的聯(lián)系,連續(xù)得分或反敗為勝說明運動員心理狀態(tài)良好,連續(xù)失分或翻盤現(xiàn)象則意味著運動員不良的心理狀態(tài)。此外,比分變化還受到對手發(fā)揮的影響,基于比分對運動員心理狀態(tài)的分析必須整合多場比賽的比分以消除對手因素的作用。因此,用比分變化探討運動員賽中心理狀態(tài)是研究高水平運動員心理變化特征的一個切入點。本研究嘗試采用三次樣條函數(shù)與插值的方法對多場比賽的比分變化進行綜合分析,以直觀的比分變化曲線定性和定量地推斷運動員在真實比賽中心理狀態(tài)變化特點。為探討比賽重要性對乒乓球運動員賽中心理狀態(tài)的影響,研究二以我國4名現(xiàn)役主力隊員為研究對象,對他們的近3年的163場比賽比分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)進行曲線擬合和數(shù)據(jù)分析。研究結(jié)果顯示比賽重要性對不同運動員的心理狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生不同的影響。有些運動員能夠承受較高的心理壓力,在重要比賽中表現(xiàn)更加優(yōu)異,但也有個別運動員在重要比賽中心理狀態(tài)不夠穩(wěn)定,影響比賽發(fā)揮。由于我國頂級乒乓球運動員在重大國際比賽中面臨海外兵團的挑戰(zhàn),為考察海外兵團對我國頂級選手賽中心理狀態(tài)的影響,研究三采用同樣的方法,對我國3名頂級女子乒乓球運動員在國際比賽中與海外兵團和國外好手對抗時的比分曲線進行了對比分析,結(jié)果顯示,我國女子運動員在與海外兵團比賽時的比分優(yōu)勢弱于與國外好手的比賽,3名運動員的比分變化存在個體差異。說明海外兵團對我國運動員造成的心理壓力較高,有必要加強針對性的個性化心理指導(dǎo)和訓(xùn)練。乒乓球比賽的開局和尾局是考察運動員心理自控能力的兩個重要環(huán)節(jié),研究四和五針對我國6名現(xiàn)役的頂級乒乓球運動員,以近4年的國際國內(nèi)比賽500多場近2000局的真實比賽比分為資料,通過開局比分的概率分布特征、尾局不同比分的獲勝率統(tǒng)計,探討了這幾名運動員在比賽的開局和尾局以及重要和非重要比賽中的心理狀態(tài)。研究結(jié)果顯示,在開局階段,我國頂尖乒乓球運動員多數(shù)能夠發(fā)揮良好,為最終贏得比賽建立開局優(yōu)勢,然而,比賽重要性會影響運動員的開局心態(tài);在比賽尾局,比分接近、競爭激烈時,尤其是在重要比賽中,個別頂級運動員會因為心理狀態(tài)不穩(wěn)定而導(dǎo)致比賽失敗。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),我國頂尖乒乓球運動員間存在明顯的個體差異,在參加重要比賽時、在面對海外兵團運動員時、在開局階段和尾局階段,個別運動員由于心理壓力過大而出現(xiàn)比賽失常的現(xiàn)象,說明個性化分析與指導(dǎo)的重要性,這為今后開展有針對性的運動員心理訓(xùn)練和指導(dǎo)提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Although the high-level table tennis players already have relatively stable technical and tactical ability, due to the antagonism of the competition, the players' technical and tactical play is influenced by their psychological state and the performance of their opponents. In the table tennis match, the score change has the close relation with the athlete's psychological state fluctuation, the continuous score or the reverse defeat proves the athlete's psychological condition is good, the continuous loss of the score or the turn over the dish phenomenon means the athlete's bad psychological state. In addition, the score changes are also affected by the performance of the opponent, based on the score analysis of the psychological state of the players must integrate the scores of multiple games to eliminate the role of opponent factors. Therefore, it is an entry point to study the characteristics of high level athletes' psychological change by using the score change to probe into the psychological state of the athletes in the competition. This study attempts to use cubic spline function and interpolation method to analyze the score changes of multiple matches, and to infer the characteristics of athletes' psychological state changes in real competitions qualitatively and quantitatively by the intuitive score change curve. In order to explore the influence of competition importance on the psychological state of table tennis players in the competition, the second study took 4 main players in active service as the research object, carried on the curve fitting and the data analysis to their 163 matches score data in the recent three years. The results show that the importance of competition has different effects on the mental state of different athletes. Some athletes can bear higher psychological pressure and perform better in important competitions, but there are also some athletes who are not stable in important competitions and affect the performance of competitions. As top table tennis players in China face challenges from overseas corps in major international competitions, in order to investigate the influence of overseas corps on the psychological state of the top players in our country, the third study adopts the same method. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the score curves of the three top female table tennis players in our country when they confront the overseas corps and foreign players in international competitions. The results show that, The score advantage of Chinese female athletes is weaker than that of foreign players. There are individual differences in the score changes among the three female athletes. It is necessary to strengthen the individualized psychological guidance and training. The opening and ending of the table tennis competition are two important links to investigate the psychological self-control ability of the athletes. The fourth and fifth studies are aimed at the six top table tennis players in active service in our country. Taking the real scores of more than 2000 innings of more than 500 international and domestic competitions in the past four years as the data, through the probability distribution characteristics of the opening scores, the winning rates of the different scores in the end of the game are counted. The psychological state of these athletes in the opening and ending and important and non-important competitions was discussed. The results show that most of the top table tennis players in our country can play well at the beginning of the game and build up the opening advantage to win the competition. However, the importance of the competition will affect the opening mentality of the athletes; at the end of the game, the score is close. When competition is intense, especially in important competitions, individual top athletes lose because of psychological instability. The study also found that there are obvious individual differences among the top table tennis players in China. When they take part in important competitions, when they face overseas corps athletes, they are in the opening and final stages. The abnormal phenomenon of individual athletes due to excessive psychological pressure shows the importance of individualized analysis and guidance, which provides a basis for the development of targeted psychological training and guidance for athletes in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G846

【參考文獻】

中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前10條

1 程宏宇;王進;胡桂英;;教練員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行為與運動員競賽焦慮:運動自信的中介效應(yīng)和認知風(fēng)格的調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)[J];體育科學(xué);2013年12期

2 楊華東;張玉杰;;不同性別乒乓球運動員注意能力的比較研究[J];吉林體育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2013年01期

3 張松林;張忠秋;;世界頂級男子跳水3m板運動員奧運會決賽面部表情特征研究[J];中國體育科技;2012年03期

4 譚嘉輝;賴勤;黃竹杭;;注意焦點對運動技能學(xué)習(xí)影響的元分析研究[J];北京體育大學(xué)學(xué)報;2012年04期

5 武曉敏;趙r，

本文編號：1943218