本文選題：原地單手肩上投籃 + 肌電學(xué)�。� 參考：《西安體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:原地單手肩上投籃是所有投籃技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ),也是衡量體現(xiàn)一個運動員基本功是否扎實的重要標(biāo)志。另外,據(jù)統(tǒng)計一場正規(guī)的國際級比賽,隊員與隊員之間的身體對抗有350次左右。對抗的次數(shù)越多,侵人犯規(guī)的可能性就越高,運動員罰球的次數(shù)也就越多。本研究通過對西安體育學(xué)院籃球?qū)ｍ椷\動員的8名隊員的原地單手肩上投籃這一技術(shù)動作(罰球)進(jìn)行研究,本研究旨在探討籃球運動員原地單手肩上投籃的技術(shù)動作過程,尋找出籃球運動員在投籃過程中上下肢各關(guān)節(jié)在運動學(xué)參數(shù)方面的規(guī)律,以及在投籃過程中發(fā)力肌肉放電的先后順序、持續(xù)時間等數(shù)據(jù),在平時的教學(xué)實踐和運動訓(xùn)練中為運動員熟練運用投籃技術(shù)提供理論參考依據(jù)。方法:1文獻(xiàn)資料法,通過閱讀相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料對與本研究的選題依據(jù)、意義、目的、方法的相關(guān)信息作出較為詳盡的歸納與綜合。2實驗法,本研究在使用表面肌電遙測儀與高速攝像相結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)上,測試出原地單手肩上投籃投籃過程中主要用力肌肉的發(fā)力規(guī)律,肌肉的放電先后順序等數(shù)據(jù)。利用高速攝像系統(tǒng),測試出主要運動關(guān)節(jié)的角度變化范圍,角速度,以及關(guān)節(jié)的伸展時間,找出其中的規(guī)律。3數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,運用OFFICE、Excel等軟件對所測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行平均數(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的處理與計算。結(jié)果:1.根據(jù)實驗動作的階段劃分,持球上舉階段所用的時間為0.68s,球出手階段所用的時間為0.36秒。持球上舉過程所用的時間大于球出手階段。2.在整個投籃過程中,關(guān)節(jié)角度變化幅度最大的是肘關(guān)節(jié)為61.76°,最小的是髖關(guān)節(jié)為15.13°。平均角速度最大的是肘關(guān)節(jié)為172.2°/s,最小的是髖關(guān)節(jié)14.5°/s,關(guān)節(jié)伸展時間最長短的是肘關(guān)節(jié)為0.36s。3.在整個單手肩上投籃過程中,最先開始放電的是左右腿的股直肌、左右腿腓腸肌,最后放電的是肱三頭肌。肌肉放電開始的先后順序為:左右腿股直肌、左右腿腓腸肌→三角肌→肱二頭肌→背闊肌→腹直肌→肱三頭肌。4.在持球上舉階段,下肢的主要用力肌肉是左右腿腓腸肌,左右腿股直肌,上肢的主要用力肌肉為三角肌和肱二頭肌。球出手階段下肢的主要用力肌肉為左右腿腓腸肌,上肢為三角肌和肱三頭肌。結(jié)論:1.原地單手肩上投籃技術(shù)動作的用力順序是自下而上的。在投籃過程中,下肢所測肌肉最先發(fā)力,力量自下而上向上傳遞,上肢肱三頭肌最后發(fā)力,完成整個投籃動作過程。2.在整個投籃過程中,下肢所測肌肉中,左右腿腓腸肌持續(xù)發(fā)力的時間最長且用力程度較大,是下肢的主要工作肌肉。上肢所測肌肉中,三角肌和肱三頭肌的用力程度較大,是上肢的主要用力肌肉。3.在投籃過程中,與其他所測關(guān)節(jié)相比,肘關(guān)節(jié)具有平均角速度最大,關(guān)節(jié)角度伸展幅度最大,和伸展時間最短的特點。4.在原地單手肩上投籃過程中,髖關(guān)節(jié)角速度和關(guān)節(jié)變化幅度都是最小的,它是連接人體上下肢各個關(guān)節(jié)的中心功能區(qū),在投籃過程中保持髖關(guān)節(jié)的相對穩(wěn)定,有利于動作的穩(wěn)定性和動作過程的前后銜接。
[Abstract]:Objective: the one hand shot on the shoulder is the basis of all shooting skills, and it is also an important sign to measure the basic skills of an athlete. In addition, according to the statistics of a regular international competition, the physical confrontation between the players and the players is about 350 times. The more the number of confrontations, the higher the possibility of invading the fouls, the more the athletes are punished. The more times of the ball, the research through the study of the technical movement (free throw) of the 8 players of the basketball players of Xi'an Physical Education University, the technical action of the basketball players on the one hand shoulder to shoot, and to find out the basketball players' upper and lower limbs in the course of shooting. The law of joint in kinematics parameters, and the sequence of muscle discharge in the course of shooting, and the duration and so on. In the ordinary teaching practice and exercise training, it provides the theoretical reference for the skillful use of shooting skills for the athletes. Method: 1 document data method, through the reading of relevant documents and the selection of the study On the basis of the combination of surface myoelectric telemetering instrument and high speed camera, the main force law of muscle force and the sequence of muscle discharge in the process of shooting the basket on the one hand shoulder are tested. Speed camera system, test the range of angle change, angular velocity, and extension time of joint, find out the law of.3 mathematical statistics, use OFFICE, Excel and other software to deal with and calculate the average and standard deviation of the measured data. Results: 1. according to the stage division of the experiment action, the stage of holding the ball is used. The time of 0.68s is 0.36 seconds. The time of holding the ball on the ball is greater than that of.2. in the whole shooting stage. The maximum joint angle change is the elbow joint is 61.76 degrees, the smallest is the hip joint 15.13 degrees. The average angular velocity is the elbow joint of 172.2 /s, the smallest is the hip joint. 14.5 /s, the longest joint extension time is the elbow joint for the 0.36s.3. in the whole single hand on the shoulder shooting process, the first start discharge is the right and left thighs rectus femoris, the left and right gastrocnemius muscles, the final discharge is the triceps brachii muscle, the sequence of muscle discharge begins: the right and right leg rectus femoris, the left and right gastrocnemius, the biceps brachii. The latissimus dorsi, the rectus abdominis muscle and the triceps brachii.4. in the holding stage, the main muscles of the lower extremities are the left and right gastrocnemius muscles, the right and left thighs, the main muscles of the upper limbs are the deltoid and the biceps. The main muscle of the lower limbs is the left and right gastrocnemius muscles, the upper limb is the deltoid and the triceps. 1. In the course of shooting, the muscles of the lower extremities are the first to force, the strength from lower to upper, the last force of the triceps of the upper limb, and the whole shooting process of the.2. in the whole shooting process, the longest time of the force of the left and right gastrocnemius muscles in the muscles of the lower limbs. It is the main working muscle of the lower extremities. In the muscles measured by the upper limb, the force of the deltoid and the triceps is greater. It is the main force muscle of the upper limb,.3. in the course of shooting. Compared with the other joints, the elbow joint has the highest average angular velocity, the maximum range of joint angle, and the shortest extension time. Point.4. in the process of shooting on the original single hand shoulder, the angular velocity of the hip joint and the range of joint change are the smallest. It is the central function area connecting the joints of the lower and lower limbs of the human body. It keeps the relative stability of the hip joint during the shooting process, which is beneficial to the stability of the movement and the connection of the action process.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G841

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