本文選題：游泳 + 技術(shù)參數(shù)�。� 參考：《廣州體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自2008年奧運(yùn)會以來,我國競技游泳水平不斷提升,涌現(xiàn)了一大批優(yōu)秀的游泳運(yùn)動員,2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會更是以5金2銀2銅的成績名列獎牌榜第二位。尤其是男子項(xiàng)目的突破,改變了我國游泳陰盛陽衰的局面,為我國競技游泳的崛起奠定了基礎(chǔ),故這一時期優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員的競技成績的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)值得我們深入研究。通過運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、錄像解析法、訪談法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法對我國現(xiàn)階段的18名優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員的20個項(xiàng)目的國內(nèi)外歷年比賽的的成績發(fā)展的上升階段、平臺階段的曲線特征以及最佳成績、運(yùn)動年限和自身比賽技術(shù)參數(shù)等方面進(jìn)行深入研究,并在研究過程中結(jié)合國外優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員的比賽成績進(jìn)行對比分析,旨在通過具體的比賽數(shù)據(jù)來剖析我國這一時期的優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員成績發(fā)展曲線的特征和成績技術(shù)參數(shù)的運(yùn)動學(xué)特征,從而找出這一時期我國優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員其成績發(fā)展的共性,進(jìn)而推導(dǎo)其訓(xùn)練的特點(diǎn)和影響比賽成績的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)特征,以期為今后的游泳運(yùn)動員的培養(yǎng)與訓(xùn)練提供參考依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)論如下:1、我國優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員成績上升階段曲線變化特征與國外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動員相差無異,其出現(xiàn)最佳成績的年齡不相上下,但國外運(yùn)動員最佳成績要優(yōu)于國內(nèi)運(yùn)動員,且平臺階段的保持年限優(yōu)于我國優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動員。2、劃頻與劃幅是影響途中游速度的至關(guān)重要的因素,兩者對速度的貢獻(xiàn)關(guān)系呈負(fù)相關(guān),所以兩者的最佳組合才是提高速度的核心,教練員在速度訓(xùn)練中要從習(xí)慣注意運(yùn)動員游的時間,而改變?yōu)榧骖欉\(yùn)動員游的劃頻與劃幅的變化;劃頻與劃幅最佳組合是提高速度的必然結(jié)果,但組合的固化往往會造成速度障礙的出現(xiàn),這就需要在訓(xùn)練把握兩者最佳組合的度,打破原有的平衡才會有新的突破。3、當(dāng)運(yùn)動員競技成績進(jìn)入平臺階段后,在比賽中使其各個技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到最佳狀態(tài)是運(yùn)動員成績的突破所在。我國優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員自身對比賽的技術(shù)參數(shù)調(diào)控能力較弱,缺乏在高速狀態(tài)下使各技術(shù)指標(biāo)達(dá)到最優(yōu)的特點(diǎn)。4、訓(xùn)練規(guī)律控制運(yùn)動員成績發(fā)展的節(jié)奏,且與其身體變化的自然規(guī)律緊密相連。而影響這一過程的訓(xùn)練途徑是多樣化的,其訓(xùn)練效果取決于教練員訓(xùn)練規(guī)律的個體化程度,并能有效且合理地控制成績發(fā)展的節(jié)奏。5、速度耐力(乳酸供能)的訓(xùn)練仍然是我國游泳訓(xùn)練面臨的最大問題,我國優(yōu)秀游泳運(yùn)動員分段時間所體現(xiàn)出的分差變化特征,說明在發(fā)展速度與速度耐力訓(xùn)練之間還存在顧此失彼的現(xiàn)象,反映出速度和速度耐力的訓(xùn)練還處在探索階段。
[Abstract]:Since the 2008 Olympic Games, the level of competitive swimming in China has been continuously improved, and a large number of outstanding swimmers have emerged. The 2012 London Olympic Games ranked second in the medal table with a result of 5 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze. In particular, the breakthrough of men's events has changed the situation of swimming prosperity and decline in China, and laid the foundation for the rise of competitive swimming in our country. Therefore, the development characteristics of competitive performance of elite swimmers in this period are worthy of further study. Through the use of literature, video analysis, interview, mathematical statistics of the current stage of 18 outstanding swimmers at home and abroad 20 events of the results of the development of the stage of development. The characteristics of the curve, the best results, the years of movement and the technical parameters of the competition are deeply studied, and the comparative analysis of the results of foreign elite swimmers is carried out in the course of the research. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the performance development curve and the kinematics characteristics of the performance technical parameters of the outstanding swimmers in this period through the specific competition data, so as to find out the generality of the performance development of the outstanding swimmers in this period. The characteristics of the training and the main technical parameters which affect the result of the competition are deduced in order to provide a reference for the training and training of the swimmers in the future. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the variation characteristics of the rising stage curve of Chinese elite swimmers are no different from those of foreign elite athletes, and the age of their best performance is the same, but the best performance of foreign athletes is better than that of domestic athletes. The duration of the platform stage is better than that of our country's elite athletes. The stroke frequency and stroke amplitude are the most important factors affecting the speed on the way, and the relationship between them is negatively related to the speed, so the best combination of the two is the core to improve the speed. In speed training, coaches should pay attention to athletes' swimming time instead of taking into account the changes of stroke frequency and stroke amplitude, and the best combination of stroke frequency and stroke amplitude is the inevitable result of increasing speed. However, the solidification of combination often leads to the emergence of speed obstacle, which requires the training to grasp the degree of the best combination of the two and to break the original balance before there will be a new breakthrough. 3. When the athletes enter the stage of platform, It is the breakthrough of athletes' performance to achieve the best state of each technical index in the competition. The ability of Chinese elite swimmers to adjust and control the technical parameters of the competition is relatively weak, and they lack the characteristics of making each technical index optimal at high speed. The training rules control the rhythm of the athletes' performance development. And closely linked to the natural laws of physical change. However, the training approaches that affect this process are diversified, and the training effect depends on the degree of individualization of the training rules of the coaches. The training of speed endurance (lactic acid) is still the biggest problem in swimming training in China. It shows that there is a phenomenon of neglecting one side or the other between developing speed and speed endurance training, which reflects that the training of speed and speed endurance is still in the exploratory stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G861.1

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