本文選題：長(zhǎng)春市 + 高校��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)擁有十分悠久的歷史,最初起源于原始社會(huì)自然界中人類為了躲避猛獸追趕和捕獵在急速奔跑中跨越障礙的運(yùn)動(dòng),并在19世紀(jì)英國(guó)發(fā)達(dá)的畜牧業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展演變成在跑道中人為擺放欄架的形式。女子跨欄跑晚于男子項(xiàng)目出現(xiàn),在1932第十屆洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)上正式被列為田徑項(xiàng)目,早期跑道長(zhǎng)度為80米,共設(shè)8個(gè)欄架,隨著運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體素質(zhì)的不斷提高,最后定型為總長(zhǎng)100米,共設(shè)10個(gè)欄架,欄間距8.5米,欄高0.84米。保加利亞、美國(guó)、牙買加、加拿大等國(guó)在女子100米欄項(xiàng)目上始終保持著領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì),到目前為止,保加利亞選手頓科娃在1988年創(chuàng)造的12.21秒的世界紀(jì)錄尚未被打破。我國(guó)在該項(xiàng)目上始終未能取得突破,即使劉翔在2004年取得奧運(yùn)冠軍并多次打破世界紀(jì)錄并引領(lǐng)一波“跨欄熱”的背景下,也未能帶動(dòng)女子跨欄項(xiàng)目水平的提升,直接體現(xiàn)在目前我國(guó)高校女子100米欄成績(jī)平平。本文綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料、專家訪談、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、錄像分析和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法,對(duì)吉林大學(xué)、東北師范大學(xué)、長(zhǎng)春師范大學(xué)女子100米欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員和教練員進(jìn)行細(xì)致的考察,分析總結(jié)了長(zhǎng)期存在的諸多問(wèn)題。研究認(rèn)為:整體水平處于較低的水平,僅有一名一級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)員,達(dá)到一級(jí)以上的比例較小,尚不具備代表國(guó)家參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的實(shí)力。大部分運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)力量和耐力訓(xùn)練重視度不夠;平跑速度較慢,跑步節(jié)奏感不強(qiáng);跑跨、跨跑和欄間技術(shù)不夠規(guī)范,沒(méi)有找到適合自身?xiàng)l件的合理習(xí)慣;體力分配不合理,造成全程節(jié)奏不均勻;心理素質(zhì)較弱,在關(guān)鍵比賽中容易發(fā)揮失常;教練員水平一般,多方面需要改進(jìn);培養(yǎng)體系落后,無(wú)法滿足現(xiàn)代體育對(duì)高素質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員和教練員的要求。并根據(jù)這些問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因提出了針對(duì)性的對(duì)策,包括改善現(xiàn)有訓(xùn)練方法、重視運(yùn)動(dòng)員心理疏導(dǎo)、建立優(yōu)秀的人才培養(yǎng)體系、加強(qiáng)教練員隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、增加與先進(jìn)國(guó)家交流等,希望能夠?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)春市各高校提高100米欄運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)提供幫助。
[Abstract]:Hurdle sports have a very long history, originally originated in primitive society in the nature of human beings to avoid predators chasing and hunting in the rapid running over obstacles, And in the 19 th century, the developed animal husbandry developed into the form of artificial display of railings in the runway. The women's hurdle race appeared later than the men's event and was officially listed as a track and field event at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The length of the early track was 80 meters, with a total of eight hurdles. With the continuous improvement of the athletes' physical quality, The final design for the total length of 100 meters, a total of 10 hurdles, bar spacing 8.5 meters, hurdle height of 0.84 meters. Bulgaria, the United States, Jamaica and Canada have consistently held the lead in the women's 100 meter hurdles. So far, Bulgarian Donkova's world record of 12.21 seconds set in 1988 has not been broken. China has never made a breakthrough in this event. Even when Liu Xiang won the Olympic championship in 2004 and broke the world record many times and led a wave of "hurdle fever", it also failed to promote the level of women's hurdle event. Directly reflected in the current female 100-meter hurdles in China's university achievements flat. Based on the methods of literature, expert interview, questionnaire, video analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper makes a careful investigation of female 100m hurdle athletes and coaches in Jilin University, Northeast normal University and Changchun normal University. The long-term problems are analyzed and summarized. The study shows that the overall level is at a lower level, with only one first-class athlete, and the proportion above the first class is relatively small, which does not have the strength to represent the country to participate in the international competition. Most of the athletes pay less attention to strength and endurance training; slow running speed, not strong sense of running rhythm; running span, cross running and hurdle technology is not standard enough, do not find a reasonable habit suitable for their own conditions; the distribution of physical strength is not reasonable. Cause the whole process rhythm uneven; psychological quality is weak, easy to play in key competitions, coaches level is general, many aspects need to be improved; the training system is backward, can not meet the requirements of modern sports for high-quality athletes and coaches. According to the causes of these problems, some countermeasures are put forward, including improving the existing training methods, attaching importance to the psychological guidance of athletes, establishing an excellent talent training system, strengthening the construction of coaches, increasing exchanges with advanced countries, etc. Hope to be able to Changchun colleges and universities to improve the 100-meter hurdles sports results to help.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G822.6

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