本文選題：落地 + 運(yùn)動性疲勞��； 參考：《體育科學(xué)》2017年11期

【摘要】：目的:比較兩種典型運(yùn)動方案:恒速跑(簡稱"跑疲勞方案")和沖刺變速跑+全力垂直縱跳(簡稱"跑+跳疲勞方案")誘導(dǎo)疲勞前、后,人體落地動作時下肢矢狀面關(guān)節(jié)力學(xué)、剛度和能量表現(xiàn)的差異,探討疲勞和各力學(xué)因素之間的相互關(guān)系。方法:比較15名受試者在恒速跑和折返跑+垂直縱跳方案前、后落地時的垂直地面反作用力、下肢運(yùn)動學(xué)、關(guān)節(jié)力矩、下肢/關(guān)節(jié)剛度和關(guān)節(jié)能量等。結(jié)果:運(yùn)動疲勞能夠增加落地過程中重心下降的位移和各關(guān)節(jié)活動度(P0.05),提高剛觸地時的伸膝力矩(P0.05),降低髖、膝關(guān)節(jié)的剛度從而減小下肢整體剛度(P0.05),增加伸髖肌群能量吸收(P0.05)的同時相應(yīng)減小跖屈肌群的能量貢獻(xiàn)(P0.01)。結(jié)論:疲勞后,人體下肢采用與疲勞前不同的落地控制策略,且不同疲勞誘導(dǎo)的效果存在差異,其中,跑疲勞方案主要體現(xiàn)在運(yùn)動學(xué)和關(guān)節(jié)能量的改變,而跑+跳疲勞方案則更多地影響了落地時的關(guān)節(jié)力矩和剛度,提示這可能與上述疲勞方案的運(yùn)動模式有關(guān)。因此,在建立人體運(yùn)動疲勞模型時,需要考慮不同的疲勞誘導(dǎo)方案對于疲勞后落地時下肢控制的生物力學(xué)差異。
[Abstract]:Objective: to compare the mechanical properties of the sagittal joint of lower extremities during the landing of the human body before and after the fatigue induced by two typical sports schemes: the constant speed run ("running fatigue scheme") and the sprint change running full vertical vertical jump ("running jump fatigue scheme").The relationship between fatigue and mechanical factors is discussed.Methods: the vertical ground reaction, lower limb kinematics, joint torque, lower extremity / joint stiffness and joint energy were compared between 15 subjects before the vertical longitudinal jump scheme of constant speed running and reverse running.Results: exercise fatigue could increase the displacement of the center of gravity and the range of motion of each joint during landing, increase the moment of knee extension and decrease the hip joint.The stiffness of knee joint can decrease the whole stiffness of lower extremity and increase the energy absorption of extensor hip muscle group (P0.05) and decrease the energy contribution of flexor metatarsus muscle group.Conclusion: after fatigue, the lower extremities of human body adopt different landing control strategies than before fatigue, and the effect of different fatigue induction is different, among which, the fatigue scheme of running is mainly reflected in the changes of kinematics and joint energy.However, the running and jumping fatigue scheme has more influence on the joint torque and stiffness when landing, suggesting that this may be related to the motion mode of the above fatigue scheme.Therefore, it is necessary to consider the biomechanical differences between different fatigue induction schemes for lower limb control after landing after fatigue.
【作者單位】： 上海體育學(xué)院運(yùn)動健身科技省部共建教育部重點(diǎn)實驗室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(11772201,11302131) 上海市教育委員會科研創(chuàng)新項目(14YZ125)
【分類號】：G804.7

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