本文選題：普通大學(xué)生　切入點：游泳初學(xué)　出處：《云南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：游泳是一項適合各類人群進行體育鍛煉的運動項目;據(jù)現(xiàn)有史料考證,游泳在古時候產(chǎn)生于居住在江、河、湖、海一帶的古代人。他們?yōu)榱松?通過模仿水鳥、魚、蛙類的動作逐漸學(xué)會了游泳技能,并在水中捕獵魚、水鳥等作為食物來維持生活。隨著時代的發(fā)展,游泳運動也在不斷的發(fā)展和變化;在現(xiàn)代,游泳被分為“實用游泳”和“競技游泳”。游泳作為一項適合各年齡段人群參與的運動項目,被越來越多的人更深刻的認識和喜愛;越來越多的普通高校在公共體育課中,為學(xué)生開設(shè)了游泳課。在高校學(xué)生游泳初學(xué)者中,運動傷害和對水中陌生環(huán)境的恐懼時有發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)這種心理層面的問題,我們應(yīng)該運用心理學(xué)知識,采用系統(tǒng)脫敏療法,循環(huán)原理,合理設(shè)計治療、訓(xùn)練過程,逐級完成治療。這種方法主要通過使游泳初學(xué)者將自己怕水的心理狀況暴露出來,并且通過主動面對壓力來源,逐漸放松狀態(tài)對來對抗對水的恐懼心理。系統(tǒng)脫敏療法主要是通過誘導(dǎo)求治者緩慢地暴露在神經(jīng)質(zhì)的焦慮和恐懼的情況,并通過放松的狀態(tài)來對抗焦慮心理,從而消除焦慮或恐懼。它是針對治療原則是對抗條件反射,在引發(fā)焦慮的刺激物出現(xiàn)的同時讓病人做出抑制焦慮的反應(yīng),這種反應(yīng)可以虛弱、直至最終切斷刺激物與焦慮的條件聯(lián)系。研究者通過引用系統(tǒng)脫敏法,設(shè)計出“下沉”法和“跳水”法,由簡單到困難,讓學(xué)生積極主動的面對怕水心理,利用脫敏教學(xué)法進行學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練,并逐步幫助學(xué)生去適應(yīng)對水的恐懼心理,直至學(xué)會游泳技能。為證明系統(tǒng)脫敏法的有效性,研究者抽取云南師范大學(xué)公共體育課游泳課中的不會游泳的74名學(xué)生參加本次實驗教學(xué);將74名學(xué)生分為實驗組和對照組,每組各37人;實驗組在教學(xué)過程當(dāng)中加入系統(tǒng)脫敏法進行教學(xué),對照組則按照常規(guī)教學(xué)法進行教學(xué);研究者在實驗前期、中期、后期分別向兩個組的學(xué)生做出問卷調(diào)查,并做出統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,對比兩個組的學(xué)生的心理變化差異。并在教學(xué)結(jié)束后分別對兩個組的學(xué)生進行蛙泳水平測試,檢測實驗組學(xué)生成績是否優(yōu)于對照組。系統(tǒng)脫敏教學(xué)法實驗后,研究結(jié)果顯示,實驗組學(xué)生在游泳技術(shù)、游進距離、怕水心理的變化以及對教學(xué)方法的滿意度等指標都優(yōu)于對照組。
[Abstract]:Swimming is a sport suitable for all kinds of people to do physical exercise. According to the existing historical data, swimming originated in ancient people living in rivers, rivers, lakes and seas in ancient times.In order to survive, they gradually learned swimming skills by mimicking the movements of water birds, fish and frogs, and hunting fish and water birds for food in the water.With the development of the times, swimming is constantly developing and changing. In modern times, swimming is divided into "practical swimming" and "competitive swimming".Swimming, as a sport suitable for people of all ages, is deeply understood and loved by more and more people, and more and more colleges and universities offer swimming lessons for students in public physical education.Among college students swimming beginners, sports injuries and fear of strange environment in water occur from time to time. This psychological problem should be applied to psychological knowledge, systemic desensitization therapy, circulation principle, and rational design of treatment.Training process, the treatment is completed step by step.This method is mainly by making the swimming beginners expose their psychological condition of fear of water, and by taking the initiative to face the source of pressure, gradually relaxing the state of mind to resist the fear of water.Systemic desensitization therapy is mainly by inducing the person seeking treatment to slowly expose to the situation of neurotic anxiety and fear, and to counteract anxiety psychology by relaxing state, thereby eliminating anxiety or fear.It is aimed at the treatment principle is to fight the conditioned reflex, to cause anxiety stimuli to appear at the same time to let the patient make a response to suppress anxiety, this kind of reaction can be weak, until finally cut off the stimulus and anxiety condition connection.By quoting the system desensitization method, the researcher designs the "sinking" method and "diving" method, from simple to difficult, so that students can actively face the fear of water, and use desensitization teaching method to study and train.And gradually help students adapt to the fear of water until they learn swimming skills.In order to prove the effectiveness of the system desensitization method, 74 students who can not swim in the public physical education course of Yunnan normal University were selected to participate in the experiment teaching, and 74 students were divided into experimental group and control group, 37 students in each group.In the experimental group, the system desensitization method was added in the teaching process, while the control group was taught according to the conventional teaching method; the researcher made a questionnaire survey to the students of the two groups in the early, middle and later stages of the experiment, and made statistical analysis.The psychological changes of the two groups were compared.At the end of teaching, the breaststroke level of the two groups was tested, and the results of the experimental group were compared with that of the control group.After the experiment of systematic desensitization teaching method, the results showed that the experimental group students were superior to the control group in swimming technique, swimming distance, the change of fear of water psychology and the satisfaction of teaching method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G861.1-4

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