本文選題：棒球　切入點(diǎn)：運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷　出處：《首都體育學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)屬技能主導(dǎo)類(lèi)攻守輪換同場(chǎng)對(duì)抗性項(xiàng)目，要求參與者具備力量、耐力、靈敏、速度、技巧等多方面的綜合素質(zhì)，對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的體能，技、戰(zhàn)術(shù)能力，運(yùn)動(dòng)智能以及心理能力都有著較高的要求。目前，在我國(guó)由在校大學(xué)生組成的高校棒球隊(duì)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)，范圍也在相繼擴(kuò)大，學(xué)生對(duì)于棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱情也越來(lái)越高。但是，隨之而來(lái)的是大學(xué)生棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在日常的訓(xùn)練以及比賽中出現(xiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷也急劇增多，運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生將會(huì)破壞運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的系統(tǒng)性，影響訓(xùn)練效果和比賽成績(jī)的提高，，給運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來(lái)生理和心理上的巨大壓力。在訓(xùn)練、比賽中，如何避免和減少運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生已成為運(yùn)動(dòng)員能否取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵所在。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)山西大學(xué)商務(wù)學(xué)院棒球隊(duì)(山西省棒球隊(duì))的運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究，通過(guò)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、實(shí)地考察以及文獻(xiàn)資料、調(diào)查訪(fǎng)問(wèn)和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)的研究方法，對(duì)學(xué)生在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的人數(shù)、種類(lèi)、原因進(jìn)行了綜合研究。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出相關(guān)建議，以最大限度減少該校棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷。 以該校的60名棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員以及3名棒球隊(duì)的教練員為調(diào)查對(duì)象，通過(guò)對(duì)63份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的整合與分析，得出如下研究結(jié)論：1、棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員的損傷發(fā)生率較高，達(dá)90%；且損傷多發(fā)生在訓(xùn)練時(shí)期；2、棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)的損傷多為急性損傷，部位主要集中在肩部、肘部、腰部和膝部；3、其中，肩部損傷以三角肌損傷最多，占肩部損傷的69.39%。4、出現(xiàn)的肘部損傷中，多發(fā)生在肘關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)，占肘部損傷的50%。5、棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的種類(lèi)主要有5種，為肌肉拉傷、運(yùn)動(dòng)性疲勞損傷、擦傷和挫傷、關(guān)節(jié)韌帶損傷、骨折；6、運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生有多種原因，主觀因素主要有：動(dòng)作技術(shù)存在缺點(diǎn)或錯(cuò)誤，準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)不充分以及舊傷未愈，摔倒著地，被球或球棒擊傷等；客觀因素主要有：局部訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷過(guò)重，訓(xùn)練量偏大，場(chǎng)地、器材及保護(hù)不合理以及氣候不良等因素；7、運(yùn)動(dòng)員在損傷后主要采用停止運(yùn)動(dòng)、休息和去醫(yī)務(wù)室或醫(yī)院治療的處理方法；8、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練時(shí)技術(shù)的錯(cuò)誤是導(dǎo)致棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)生運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的主要訓(xùn)練因素。 基于以上結(jié)論提出了預(yù)防大學(xué)生棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的建議：加強(qiáng)相關(guān)理論知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，增強(qiáng)自我防傷意識(shí)；認(rèn)真做好教練員安排的準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)；認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)棒球動(dòng)作技術(shù)要點(diǎn)，及時(shí)糾正調(diào)整錯(cuò)誤動(dòng)作；及時(shí)調(diào)整訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容，提高棒球訓(xùn)練的科學(xué)化；采取合理的防范措施,建立健全隊(duì)醫(yī)的跟蹤監(jiān)督機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Baseball is a skill-leading type of attack and defense rotation in the same field adversarial events, requires participants to have strength, endurance, agility, speed, skills and other aspects of the comprehensive quality, to athletes' physical, technical, tactical ability, Sports intelligence and psychological ability have higher requirements. At present, the college baseball team composed of college students has developed rapidly in our country, and the scope has been expanded one after another, and students' enthusiasm for baseball has also become more and more high. Subsequently, the college baseball players in the daily training and sports injuries in the game also increased sharply, the occurrence of sports injuries will destroy the system of sports training, affect the training effect and improve the results of the game. In training and competition, how to avoid and reduce the occurrence of sports injuries has become the key to the athletes to achieve excellent results. Through the investigation and research on the players of the baseball team of Shanxi University School of Business (Shanxi baseball team), through the questionnaire, the field investigation and the literature, the research method of the investigation interview and mathematical statistics, This paper makes a comprehensive study on the number, types and causes of sports injuries of students in baseball, and puts forward some suggestions to minimize the sports injuries of baseball players in this school. Taking 60 baseball players and 3 baseball coaches of the school as the objects of investigation, through the integration and analysis of 63 questionnaires, the following conclusions are drawn: 1: 1, the injury rate of the players in baseball is relatively high. Most of the injuries occurred during the training period, and most of the injuries in baseball were acute injuries, which were mainly concentrated on the shoulders, elbows, waist and knees. Among them, the injuries of the shoulder were mostly caused by the deltoid muscle. 69.39.4 of the shoulder injuries, most of the elbow injuries occurred in the medial side of the elbow joint, accounting for 50% of the elbow injuries. There are five kinds of baseball sports injuries, including muscle strain, exercise fatigue injury, bruising and contusion, and joint ligament injury. There are many reasons for sports injury, such as shortcomings or mistakes in action technique, inadequate preparation and old injury, falling to the ground, being hit by ball or bat, etc. The objective factors are as follows: the local training load is excessive, the amount of training is too large, the venue, equipment and protection are unreasonable, and the weather is not good. The treatment of rest and going to the infirmary or hospital. The technical mistakes in special training are the main training factors leading to the sports injury of baseball players. Based on the above conclusions, some suggestions are put forward to prevent college baseball players' sports injuries: to strengthen the study of relevant theoretical knowledge, to enhance their awareness of self-injury prevention, to do a good job in preparing activities arranged by coaches, and to learn the key points of baseball action techniques. Correct and adjust the wrong action in time, adjust the training content in time, improve the scientific training of baseball, take reasonable preventive measures, establish and improve the tracking and supervising mechanism of team doctors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G848.1;R873

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