本文選題：公路自行車　切入點：有氧運動　出處：《西安體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公路自行車主要是進行長距離競賽項目,其對運動員的身體耐力水平要求比較高,屬于耐力性運動項目。本研究試從公路自行車有氧耐力訓(xùn)練手段的優(yōu)選方面來進行相關(guān)研究,并篩選出相關(guān)指標用以反應(yīng)何種有氧訓(xùn)練手段效果比較好,揭示出不同的訓(xùn)練手段對于公路自行車運動成績的影響,以及不同的供能方式對公路自行車運動員有氧耐力的影響,和不同的生理指標對于公路自行車運動員有氧耐力水平的評定作用。本研究以陜西省米蘭自行車隊公路項目組的20名男性隊員為研究對象,將其隨機分為實驗組與對照組,運用文獻資料法、問卷調(diào)查法、專家訪談法、實驗法和測試法等研究方法。通過對實驗組與對照組進行為期3個月的測試訓(xùn)練,利用測試數(shù)據(jù)分別對兩組在35km爬坡騎(min)、紅細胞(RBC)、肺活量(VC)等指標進行分析,最后采用Microsoft Excel 2010對所測試到的數(shù)據(jù)進行整理,并且采用Spss22.0對整理后的數(shù)據(jù)進行分析處理。研究結(jié)果顯示:(1)通過對實驗組與對照組進行35km爬坡騎(min)項目測試中,實驗組訓(xùn)練前為115.54±1 min,訓(xùn)練后98±0.42 min,對照組訓(xùn)練前為115.5±2 min,訓(xùn)練后為112±0.42 min,實驗組運動員耗時要比對照組有比較顯著的提升;(2)對實驗組與對照組進行安靜心率(b/min)的檢測,實驗組在訓(xùn)練前安靜心率為71±2 b/min,訓(xùn)練安靜心率后為60±2 b/min,對照組在訓(xùn)練前安靜心率為70±2 b/min,訓(xùn)練后安靜心率為66±2 b/min,實驗組運動員安靜心率經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練要比對照組表現(xiàn)出較好的機能狀態(tài);(3)對實驗組與對照組進行肺活量(VC)的測試,實驗組在訓(xùn)練前肺活量為4675.3±55 ml,訓(xùn)練后肺活量為4950±30 ml,對照組在實驗前肺活量為4771.2±50 ml,訓(xùn)練后肺活量為4810.3±40 ml;通過對比發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練實驗組肺活量水平提升更加明顯。研究結(jié)論表明:(1)經(jīng)過三個月對照試驗,采用優(yōu)選訓(xùn)練手段后實驗組的運動成績,以及心肺機能都得到了比較明顯的改變與提升;對照組未采用優(yōu)選訓(xùn)練手段相關(guān)指標變化不明顯。表明優(yōu)選耐力訓(xùn)練方法與手段的優(yōu)勢與效果比較好。(2)通過對對照組與實驗組進行優(yōu)選手段效果的評定分析表明,兩組血液生理生化相關(guān)指標均出現(xiàn)不同程度的改變,具體表現(xiàn)在紅細胞、血紅蛋白等數(shù)量明顯增加,實驗組增加比較明顯,表明其有氧耐力水平提升較大,同時無氧耐力水平也得到一定程度的提升均與優(yōu)選方法訓(xùn)練相關(guān)。(3)實驗表明,自行車運動員耐力訓(xùn)練時,教練員應(yīng)盡最大能力選擇有效地訓(xùn)練方法與手段,并根據(jù)實際情況及時調(diào)整訓(xùn)練計劃,降低運動損傷的發(fā)生,提升運動訓(xùn)練的效果。結(jié)合實驗組和對照組試驗后成績測試對比分析表明,高效、科學(xué)與合理的訓(xùn)練計劃有助于提高自行車運動員的競技能力與水平的提升。
[Abstract]:Road bicycle is mainly a long distance competition event, which requires high level of physical endurance of athletes, and belongs to endurance sports. The effects of different training methods on the performance of road cycling and the effects of different energy supply methods on the aerobic endurance of road cyclists are revealed. In this study, 20 male members of the road project group of Milan cycling team in Shaanxi Province were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire, expert interview, experiment and test, the experimental group and the control group were trained for 3 months. Using the test data, we analyzed the two groups of indexes, such as climbing slope at 35km, red blood cell (RBC), vital capacity (VCC), etc. Finally, Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to sort out the tested data. Spss22.0 was used to analyze and process the data. The results showed that: 1) in the test of 35km climbing slope and riding min. in the experimental group and the control group, The experimental group was 115.54 鹵1 min before training, 98 鹵0.42 min after training, 115.5 鹵2 min before training in the control group and 112 鹵0.42 min after training. The time consuming of the athletes in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The experimental group had a quiet heart rate of 71 鹵2 b / min before training and 60 鹵2 b / min after training. The control group had a quiet heart rate of 70 鹵2 b / min before training and 66 鹵2 b / min after training. The quiet heart rate of the athletes in the experimental group was better than that in the control group after training. The vital capacity of the experimental group and the control group were measured. The vital capacity of experimental group was 4675.3 鹵55ml before training and 4950 鹵30ml after training, while that of control group was 4771.2 鹵50ml before training and 4810.3 鹵40ml after training. After training, the improvement of vital capacity level in the experimental group was more obvious. The conclusion of the study was that after three months of control experiment, the exercise performance and cardiopulmonary machine ability of the experimental group were obviously changed and improved after adopting excellent training methods. There was no significant change in the relative indexes of the control group, which showed that the superiority and effect of the superior endurance training methods and methods were better than that of the control group, and the evaluation and analysis of the effects of the excellent selection methods between the control group and the experimental group showed that, The relative indexes of blood physiology and biochemistry in the two groups were changed to different degrees, which were manifested in the increase of the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, and the increase of the experimental group, which indicated that the aerobic endurance level of the two groups was higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the level of anaerobic endurance is also improved to a certain extent, which is related to the training of excellent selection method. The experiment shows that, in endurance training of cyclists, coaches should do their best to choose effective training methods and means. According to the actual situation, the training plan is adjusted in time, the occurrence of sports injury is reduced, and the effect of sports training is improved. Scientific and reasonable training plan helps to improve the competitive ability and level of cyclists.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G872.3

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