發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-01 06:25

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 3-10歲兒童 拍球 動作模式　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在兒童成長的各個(gè)水平中,認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域、動作領(lǐng)域、情感領(lǐng)域是對兒童發(fā)展影響最大的也是最重要的三個(gè)領(lǐng)域,而動作領(lǐng)域是最直觀能夠反映兒童生長發(fā)育狀態(tài)的領(lǐng)域,兒童基本動作技能對兒童的作用不僅表現(xiàn)在身體發(fā)育上,對兒童思維能力、情緒情感的培育同樣有不可忽視的正面功能。3-10歲期間是兒童身心發(fā)展最重要的時(shí)期之一,也是動作技能的迅速提升時(shí)期。Greg PUyn、耿培新。梁立國等人將動作發(fā)展概念定義為人們一生中所體驗(yàn)到的動作行為的變化[1]。其中兒童的基本動作技能發(fā)展是最重要的能力之一,基本動作技能的子系統(tǒng)別劃分為位移技能、非位移技能和操作技能[1]。拍球動作是操作技能中的一項(xiàng)基本動作技能,兒童對拍球動作的掌握能力一定程度上反映了兒童在此年齡段動作技能發(fā)展水平,對此進(jìn)行研究對義務(wù)教育水平兒i童體育運(yùn)動的發(fā)展研究和體育教學(xué)研究具有一定幫助。在對拍球動作的研究方法中主要運(yùn)用了文獻(xiàn)資料法、實(shí)驗(yàn)法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法、錄像觀察法等方法對兒童拍球動作技能模式做了描述性研究,研究過程中在濟(jì)南市小學(xué)、幼兒園中用整群抽樣法抽取680名3-10歲兒童作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象。經(jīng)過分析得出以下結(jié)論:1.3-10歲兒童拍球動作發(fā)展的整體動作模式可分為四個(gè)水平,在較低年齡層次女孩的整體發(fā)展水平優(yōu)于男孩,3-4歲時(shí)女孩先于男孩進(jìn)入第二水平,但隨著年齡發(fā)展男孩拍球動作技能逐漸超過女孩,并于4-5歲期間率先進(jìn)入第二水平,在隨后每一年齡層次發(fā)展中,處于兒童主要發(fā)展水平的男孩比例始終大于女孩。2.拍球動作各肢段發(fā)展模式總結(jié)為:(1)上肢動作發(fā)展模式中3-4歲期間女孩發(fā)展速度比男孩快,4-5歲為轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),男孩首先進(jìn)入較高級水平,此年齡水平后男孩發(fā)展速度逐漸增加,拍球動作比女孩更加流暢。(2)手部-腕部動作模式劃分為三個(gè)水平,H1水平與第一水平相對應(yīng),H2水平對應(yīng)第二、第三水平,H3水平對應(yīng)第四水平,男女孩在4-8歲期間手部-腕部動作變化較小,主要集中在H2水平,小于4歲時(shí)處于動作僵硬水平,8歲后逐漸發(fā)展成熟。(3)軀干動作模式中以5歲為轉(zhuǎn)折,5歲前女孩發(fā)展比男孩成熟早,5歲后男孩進(jìn)入更高級模式水平人數(shù)比例比女孩高,女孩發(fā)展逐漸緩慢。(4)髖部-腿部動作模式中5歲前男女比例差距不大,5歲后男孩屈髖屈腿動作幅度逐漸減小,更快進(jìn)入成熟模式。3.拍球動作整體發(fā)展模式與各肢段發(fā)展模式具有一定程度的類似,女孩在較小年齡段發(fā)展比男孩快,但受到兒童身心發(fā)展規(guī)律和周圍環(huán)境和教育環(huán)境制約,女孩在運(yùn)動技能發(fā)展過程中逐漸遲緩落后于男孩。在10歲到達(dá)最高水平后,女孩在10歲后可發(fā)展空間比男孩大。
[Abstract]:At each level of children's growth in the areas of cognition, action, emotion is the three most important areas of greatest impact on children's development, and the field of action is the most intuitive to reflect the state of growth and development of children, children basic skills on children's role not only in the physical development of children's thinking. Ability to cultivate emotion also can not ignore the positive function of.3-10 during the year is one of the most important period of physical and mental development of children, but also the skill rapidly during the period of.Greg PUyn, Liang Liguo et al. Peixin Geng will change [1]. action action concept is defined as one's life experience to the development of basic movements the skills of children is one of the most important ability, system basic skill not divided into displacement skills, non displacement skills and skills [1]. shoot the ball Is the operating skill of a basic skill, children to bounce the ball movement control ability to some extent reflects the children of this age skill development level, the research and development of research and teaching on the compulsory education level of children with I children's sports has certain help. In the research method of ball movement the main use of the literature, experimental method, mathematical statistics, video observation and other methods to do the descriptive research on children's ball skill mode, Ji'nan city primary school in the course of the study, the kindergarten with cluster sampling of 680 children aged 3-10 as experimental subjects. After analysis the following conclusions: 1.3-10 years old children take the overall development of the ball movement patterns can be divided into four levels, the lower age girl's overall development level is better than the boy, 3-4 years old girl before entering the boy The two level, but with the development of age boy ball skills more than girls, and the first to enter at the age of 4-5, during the second level, then in each age level development, mainly in the development level of children is always greater than the proportion of boys.2. girls beat the ball movement of each limb segment development model summarized as follows: (1) the upper limb movement development 3-4 year old girl during the model development speed than boys at the age of 4-5, as the turning point, the boy first entered into higher level, gradually increase the development speed of boys age level, take the ball more smoothly than girls. (2) - hand wrist movement mode is divided into three levels, the first level and relative level of H1 the level of H2, corresponding to second, third level, H3 level corresponding to the level of fourth, small hand - wrist movement changes at the age of 4-8 during the period of boys and girls, mainly concentrated in the H2 level, less than 4 years old in a stiff level, after 8 years old gradually Mature. (3) at the age of 5 in the turning movements of the trunk development mode, before the age of 5 girls mature earlier than boys, 5 years after the boy entered the higher proportion of level higher than girls, girls developed slowly. (4) hip - leg action mode before the age of 5 gender gap is not big, 5 years old the boy bent leg hip flexion movements decreased gradually, quickly entered the mature mode of.3. ball action as a whole development model and development model of each limb segment has a certain degree of similar age, girls than boys in the smaller development quickly, but by the children's physical and mental development rule and the surrounding environment and education environment, the girl in the motor skill development in the process of gradually slow behind the boy. At the age of 10 at the highest level, the girl in 10 years after the development of space than boys.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G808.1

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