本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冬訓(xùn) 賽艇運(yùn)動員 有氧能力 無氧能力 氣體代謝　出處：《西安體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的:本研究通過對陜西省女子賽艇運(yùn)動員冬訓(xùn)前后氣體代謝、無氧能力的比較研究,旨在從生理學(xué)角度探討冬訓(xùn)對運(yùn)動員有氧能力和無氧能力的影響及其可能的原因,為幫助教練員進(jìn)一步完善運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃、提高訓(xùn)練水平等提供理論參考。為使我省賽艇隊(duì)在第十三屆全運(yùn)會上取得更好的成績作出應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)。方法:跑步熱身,測功儀準(zhǔn)備活動5mi,心率140-150b/mi,休息3min后進(jìn)行遞增負(fù)荷測試。以120w-150w-180w-210w-240w-270w負(fù)荷運(yùn)動,每級負(fù)荷持續(xù)兩分鐘,根據(jù)個(gè)人能力,在最后一級拉完然后全力沖刺直至力竭。賽艇測功儀是主試者不可控的,要求教練員在旁邊監(jiān)督、鼓勵(lì)。采用一口氣接一 口氣法(Breath by breath)測試。運(yùn)動員完成準(zhǔn)備活動后,少時(shí)休息,配帶呼吸面罩、Polar表和Metamax 3B心肺功能測試儀裝置,并連接好通路。此過程中氣體分析儀自動連續(xù)測定氣體代謝指標(biāo),Polar表測試心率,其結(jié)果均被Metamax 3B記錄并傳送給電腦自動保存。記錄指標(biāo)主要有最大攝氧量、相對最大攝氧量、最大攝氧量平臺、最大二氧化碳呼出量、呼吸頻率、氧脈搏、最大呼吸商、最大通氣量、無氧閾、最大心率、最大運(yùn)動時(shí)間。在運(yùn)動后即刻、3 min、5min、15 min取20ul指血測試乳酸。采用concePt2劃船測功儀進(jìn)行60秒持續(xù)最大能力的測試,最大能力運(yùn)動完后測試運(yùn)動后7、9、11、13min血乳酸。結(jié)果:(1)安靜時(shí),冬訓(xùn)后 TV、RR、VE、Petc02、V02、VC02、MET、VE/V02、呼吸效率、VD/TV、VO_2/HR 均高于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),PetO_2、RQ 小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05)。(2)第一級負(fù)荷運(yùn)動時(shí),冬訓(xùn)后TV、RR和VE均小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),VE、TV、RR增加幅度顯著小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.01),冬訓(xùn)前后運(yùn)動員VE02和VD/TV較安靜時(shí)均顯著減小(P0.05,0.01),冬訓(xùn)前V02/HR增加幅度顯著大于冬訓(xùn)后(P0.01)。(3)隨著運(yùn)動負(fù)荷的增加,冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員于每一級負(fù)荷運(yùn)動時(shí)PetcO_2均顯著大于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05,0.01),冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員于每一級負(fù)荷運(yùn)動時(shí)其VE/VC2始終小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員于每一級負(fù)荷運(yùn)動時(shí)V02/HR均大于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05)(4)冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員 TV、RR、VE、PetCO_2、VO_2、VCO_2、RQ、MET、VO_2/HR、VE/VO_2 絕對值均大于冬訓(xùn)前,其中,冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員PetCO_2、VCO_2顯著大于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05,0.01);運(yùn)動員PetO_2、呼吸效率絕對值略小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),VD/TV顯著小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.01)。(4)通氣閾負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動時(shí),冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員RR、VE、VO_2、VC02、METS、VE/VO_2、呼吸效率、VO_2/HR均大于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),PetCO_2顯著大于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.01),TV、PetO_2略小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),VD/TV顯著小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05)。冬訓(xùn)前運(yùn)動員攝氧量與VECO_2、PetO_2呈低度負(fù)相關(guān),與VD/TV、VEO_2呈中度負(fù)相關(guān);攝氧量與PetCO_2呈低度正相關(guān),與VO_2/HR、VE呈中度正相關(guān)。冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員攝氧量與PetO_2呈低度負(fù)相關(guān),與VECO_2、VD/TV、VEO_2呈中度負(fù)相關(guān);攝氧量與PetCO_2呈低度正相關(guān),與VO_2/HR、VE呈中度正相關(guān)。(5)最大攝氧量臨界強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動時(shí),冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員TV、RR、VE、VO_2、RQ、VE/VO_2呼吸效率、VO_2/HR等指標(biāo)略大于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),PetCO_2、VCO_2顯著大于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.01);PetO_2略小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05),VD/TV顯著小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.01)。冬訓(xùn)前運(yùn)動員攝氧量與VD/TV、VEO_2、VECO_2和PetC2呈中度負(fù)相關(guān),與VO_2/HR、VE、PetCO_2呈中度正相關(guān);冬訓(xùn)前運(yùn)動員攝氧量與VD/TV、VEO_2、VECO_2和PetO_2呈中度負(fù)相關(guān),與VE、PetCO_2呈中度正相關(guān),與VO_2/HR呈高度正相關(guān)。(6)冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員60S最大功率、平均功率、測功儀成績和漿頻較冬訓(xùn)前均有所提高,但無顯著性差異(P0.05);冬訓(xùn)后運(yùn)動員60S無氧功測試后7min、9min、11min、13min血乳酸值均小于冬訓(xùn)前(P0.05)。結(jié)論:(1)冬訓(xùn)后,我省女子賽艇運(yùn)動員最大有氧能力以及最大有氧運(yùn)動能力較冬訓(xùn)前有所提高;(2)冬訓(xùn)后,我省女子賽艇運(yùn)動員無氧工作能力以及乳酸的消除能力較冬訓(xùn)前有所提高;(3)冬訓(xùn)后,我省女子賽艇運(yùn)動員肺通氣,肺換氣能力以及心臟射血能力較冬訓(xùn)前有所提高;(4)我省女子賽艇運(yùn)動員最大有氧運(yùn)動能力以及對乳酸耐受能力還有待進(jìn)一步提高。建議:(1)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對我省賽艇運(yùn)動員骨骼肌耗氧能力訓(xùn)練;(2)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對我省賽艇運(yùn)動員磷酸原供能能力訓(xùn)練;(3)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對我省賽艇運(yùn)動員乳酸耐受性的訓(xùn)練。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the metabolism of female rowers in Shaanxi Province before and after the winter gas, a comparative study of anaerobic capacity, aims to investigate the effects of training on aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity of athletes from the physiology angle and its possible causes, to help the coaches to further improve the training plan, improve the level of training so as to provide theoretical reference for me. Rowing team achieved better results in the Thirteenth National Games to make due contributions. Methods: running warm-up, dynamometer for 5mi, heart rate 140-150b/mi, rest 3min after incremental load test. The 120w-150w-180w-210w-240w-270w exercise, each load lasts two minutes, according to personal ability, in the last stage and then to pull end sprint until exhaustion. Rowing ergometer is the main subjects not controllable, requiring coaches beside supervision by breath breath encouragement. Method (Breath by breath) test. The athlete completes preparatory activities, with little rest, breathing masks, Polar table and Metamax 3B heart lung function testing device, and connected pathways. In this process the gas analyzer automatic continuous measurement of gas metabolism index, Polar test heart rate, the result was Metamax 3B recorded and transmitted to the computer automatically save the record. Main indicators of VO2max, relative VO2max, VO2max platform, the largest carbon dioxide output, respiratory rate, oxygen pulse, maximum respiratory quotient, maximum ventilation anaerobic threshold, maximal heart rate, maximal exercise time. Immediately after exercise, 3 min, 5min 15, min 20ul refers to the blood test of lactic acid by concePt2 for 60 seconds. The boat sustained maximum capacity dynamometer test, maximum capacity after exercise test 7,9,11,13min after exercise blood lactic acid. Results: (1) when quiet winter after TV, RR, VE, Petc02, V02,VC02,MET,VE/V02,鍛煎惛鏁堢巼,VD/TV,VO_2/HR 鍧囬珮浜庡啲璁墠(P0.05),PetO_2,RQ 灝忎簬鍐鍓，

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