本文關(guān)鍵詞： 太極拳推手 運(yùn)動生物力學(xué) 右進(jìn)步靠　出處：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究目的:經(jīng)過幾十年的實(shí)踐和發(fā)展太極拳推手已邁入了國際競技體育行業(yè),到目前為止取得了顯著的成就,但同時(shí)也暴露出許多不足,比如用蠻力取勝等現(xiàn)象。為進(jìn)一步改善這種現(xiàn)狀,本文從生物力學(xué)角度對太極拳推手右進(jìn)步靠技術(shù)動作進(jìn)行科學(xué)測試與分析,探討該動作的運(yùn)動學(xué)和動力學(xué)特征,為太極拳推手教學(xué)與訓(xùn)練的規(guī)范化、科學(xué)化提供一些現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。研究方法:本研究選取了9名北京體育大學(xué)太極拳推手運(yùn)動員作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象,運(yùn)用紅外高速運(yùn)動捕捉系統(tǒng)(8鏡頭Motion Analysis)和三維測力臺Kistler對太極拳推手右進(jìn)步靠動作過程進(jìn)行了測試,并結(jié)合三維解析系統(tǒng)對動作的不同階段進(jìn)行了分析,選取指標(biāo)包括:重心位移和速度、各關(guān)節(jié)角度和三維力。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:1、在完成動作的整個(gè)過程中,測試者的重心是處于不斷變化的狀態(tài),優(yōu)秀組重心移動的距離和速度都大于普通組,在水平方向的移動速度兩組之間有顯著差異(P0.05)。2、引化初期,優(yōu)秀組與普通組的右肘和右膝屈曲角度有高度顯著差異(P0.01)、左髖屈曲角度也存在顯著差異(P0.05)。3、蓄勁和發(fā)放兩個(gè)階段,優(yōu)秀組的各關(guān)節(jié)角度平均值基本都大于普通組,蓄勁末期,優(yōu)秀組的右肩伸展角度、右髖旋轉(zhuǎn)角度以及左髖屈曲角度與普通組都存在顯著差異(P0.01),其他關(guān)節(jié)角度差異不顯著;發(fā)放時(shí)優(yōu)秀組與普通組的左肩、左髖屈曲角度都有顯著差異(P0.05),右肩、左肘屈曲角度和右髖的內(nèi)旋角度存在高度顯著性差異(P0.01)。4、在垂直和水平方向優(yōu)秀組的力值都大于普通組,發(fā)放瞬間優(yōu)秀組與普通組運(yùn)動員的前腳向下蹬地的力值分別達(dá)到1.00±0.06(N/BW)、0.85±0.04(N/BW),并存在顯著性差異(P0.01)。結(jié)論:1、在完成動作的整個(gè)過程中,優(yōu)秀組的動作幅度變化大于普通組,虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換明顯,整體速度快,對提高發(fā)放效果有積極的作用。2、優(yōu)秀組重心轉(zhuǎn)移大于普通組,這可能與其肩、肘、髖、膝各個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)屈曲、伸展和旋轉(zhuǎn)活動范圍大有關(guān),從而使優(yōu)秀組組動作更加流暢和充分。3、太極拳推手右進(jìn)步靠的發(fā)勁是通過蹬地、腰跨的扭轉(zhuǎn)提高運(yùn)動速度,以此增強(qiáng)靠擊力,勁力的傳遞符合“起于腳、傳于腰、達(dá)于梢”的順序。
[Abstract]:Research objective: after decades of practice and development of Taijiquan push hand has entered the international competitive sports industry, so far has made remarkable achievements, but also exposed many shortcomings, For example, using brute force to win. In order to further improve this situation, this paper scientifically tests and analyzes the right progress of Taijiquan by technical action from the biomechanical point of view, and probes into the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of this movement. To provide some practical basis for the standardization of teaching and training of Taijiquan push-hand. The research methods: this study selected nine Taijiquan push-hand athletes of Beijing University of physical Education as experimental objects. Using the infrared high-speed motion capture system (Motion Analysis) and the three-dimensional force measuring platform (Kistler), the right progressive process of Taijiquan is tested, and the different stages of the action are analyzed with the help of the three-dimensional analysis system. The selected indicators include the displacement and velocity of the center of gravity, the angle of the joints and the three-dimensional force. The experimental result: 1: 1, the center of gravity of the tester is in a constantly changing state during the whole process of completing the action. The distance and velocity of the center of gravity moving in the excellent group were larger than those in the ordinary group, and there was significant difference between the two groups in the horizontal direction. There were significant differences in flexion angle of right elbow and right knee between the excellent group and the normal group (P 0.01). There was also significant difference in the flexion angle of the left hip between the excellent group and the normal group. In the two stages of storage and release, the average angle of each joint in the excellent group was basically higher than that in the normal group, and in the late stage of storage, there was also a significant difference in the angle angle between the excellent group and the normal group. There were significant differences in right shoulder extension angle, right hip rotation angle and left hip flexion angle between the excellent group and the normal group. There were significant differences in flexion angle of left hip and right shoulder, left elbow flexion angle and internal rotation angle of right hip. The force value of excellent group in vertical and horizontal direction was higher than that in normal group. The force of the forward foot of the excellent group and the ordinary group reached 1.00 鹵0.06N / BWO 0.85 鹵0.04N / BWN respectively, and there was significant difference (P0.01N). Conclusion: during the whole process of completing the action, the movement amplitude of the excellent group is larger than that of the ordinary group, and the change of false reality is obvious. The whole speed is fast, has the positive effect to improve the release effect. The excellent group's center of gravity shift is bigger than the ordinary group, this may be related to its shoulder, elbow, hip, knee joint flexion, extension and rotation range. In order to make the movements of the excellent group more smooth and full. 3. Taijiquan push the right hand forward by increasing the speed of movement through the twisting of the pedaling ground and the waist span, so as to enhance the force of relying on the impact, and the transfer of strength conforms to "starting at the foot and passing on the waist." To the end of the "order."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G852.11;G804.6

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