本文關(guān)鍵詞：山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        伴隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的快速發(fā)展、人們對于教育的關(guān)注程度的不斷增強(qiáng)，優(yōu)質(zhì)資源特別是教育優(yōu)質(zhì)資源及教育資源的分配均等問題越來越受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注，教育的均衡發(fā)展成為日益關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。2012年11月胡錦濤在黨的十八大中作了題為《堅(jiān)定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進(jìn)，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗》的報(bào)告，提出“努力的辦好人民滿意的教育，均衡發(fā)展九年義務(wù)教育，大力促進(jìn)教育公平，合理配置教育資源，重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)、貧困、民族地區(qū)傾斜，提高家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助水平，鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)社會力量興辦教育，加強(qiáng)教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)”。教育均衡發(fā)展問題已成為黨和政府關(guān)注的大事。本文主要運(yùn)用了文獻(xiàn)資料法、訪談法、問卷調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法、邏輯分析法、綜合研究法等方法，對體育師資現(xiàn)狀、體育教師工作具體情況、體育課程情況、體育資源等問題進(jìn)行了研究。研究結(jié)果表明：城鄉(xiāng)之間體育教師數(shù)量、學(xué)歷結(jié)構(gòu)、職稱結(jié)構(gòu)、福利待遇、工資待遇、接受培訓(xùn)、教研活動等差異顯著，城市普遍好于農(nóng)村，此外，城市體育教師在住房公積金，績效工資等也明顯高于農(nóng)村體育教師；器材缺乏是目前農(nóng)村學(xué)校體育面臨的最大的困難；從學(xué)校體育經(jīng)費(fèi)來看，經(jīng)費(fèi)短缺是山東省農(nóng)村學(xué)校體育面臨的一大問題。城鄉(xiāng)均未達(dá)到國家學(xué)校體育場地人均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，主要表現(xiàn)為城區(qū)學(xué)校的場地明顯不足，而農(nóng)村學(xué)校的體育器材質(zhì)量差、數(shù)量及種類比較缺乏，場地質(zhì)量較低，城鄉(xiāng)之間均呈現(xiàn)顯著性差異。根據(jù)目前山東省城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)校體育調(diào)查現(xiàn)狀，分析了影響山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展的因素，主要是城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不均衡是學(xué)校體育不均衡發(fā)展的主要原因；學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、教師和家長的對于學(xué)校體育認(rèn)識差異制約城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育均衡發(fā)展；學(xué)校體育地位的不公平導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)校體育教育的不公平；城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育教師工資、福利待遇不公平導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育人力資源發(fā)展不均衡；城鄉(xiāng)之間學(xué)校體育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的差距導(dǎo)致學(xué)校體育城鄉(xiāng)資源配置的失衡；體育教學(xué)資源的缺乏是導(dǎo)致學(xué)校體育教學(xué)的不均衡發(fā)展。在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出了城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展的對策：1、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，加大體育教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，落實(shí)經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)，多渠道籌措教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的政策，形成專門的監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)，確保體育教育經(jīng)費(fèi)能發(fā)揮最大有效的效益。2、加強(qiáng)學(xué)校管理人員對學(xué)校體育的重視程度。促進(jìn)學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)變觀念、提升學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對于體育的重視程度，提升體育教師的地位。3、健全評估評價(jià)體系、嚴(yán)格規(guī)范學(xué)校體育管理制度。獎懲結(jié)合，建立各級評估機(jī)制，組織人員定期對山東省學(xué)校體育工作進(jìn)行考核，共同推進(jìn)農(nóng)村學(xué)校體育的均衡、健康發(fā)展。4、全面提升教師素質(zhì)，加大培訓(xùn)力度，提升教學(xué)質(zhì)量。確保引進(jìn)新教師數(shù)量，同時(shí)保證質(zhì)量，并根據(jù)學(xué)校男女學(xué)生比例配備一定數(shù)量的女體育教師；充分利用地區(qū)師范院校優(yōu)勢，，提升教師學(xué)歷結(jié)構(gòu)。5、著力解決教師待遇問題，穩(wěn)定教師隊(duì)伍。改善學(xué)校體育教學(xué)的物質(zhì)條件，提高農(nóng)村體育教師待遇，對于工作出色的體育教師給予精神和物質(zhì)獎勵(lì)。6、采取“補(bǔ)償措施”，體育教育資源的分配優(yōu)先照顧落后地區(qū)學(xué)校。7、建立城鄉(xiāng)地域教師資源共享模式。學(xué)校之間廣泛開展體育交流活動，縮小城市與農(nóng)村學(xué)校的差距，提高學(xué)校體育教學(xué)的整體水平。8、合理利用開發(fā)教學(xué)資源。結(jié)合地區(qū)特色，在教學(xué)內(nèi)容的選擇方面進(jìn)行因地制宜的選擇。城市學(xué)校充分利用有限的場地，合理規(guī)劃學(xué)校體育場地設(shè)施。9、充分利用高校師范生資源。要充分利用各地的高校教育優(yōu)勢，廣泛開展校區(qū)教育合作。10、靈活開展課外活動，廣泛組織運(yùn)動競賽。有計(jì)劃、有組織地開展豐富多彩、形式多樣的課外體育活動，以推動學(xué)校體育的發(fā)展。

    Along with the rapid development of China’s economic level and the constantenhancement of people’s concern on education, high-quality resources, especiallyhigh-quality educational resources and its distribution equality receive more and moreattention and the balanced development of education has been the focus to which people payattention increasingly. In November2012in the18th CPC National Congress, Hu Jintaodelivered a speech entitled “unswervingly advancing along the road of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and striving for building up a complete well-off society”, which puts forwardsuch aims as “working hard to run a satisfactory education well, balanced development of thenine-year compulsory education, vigorously promoting equity in education, rational allocationof educational resources, focusing on rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas, improvingthe subsidy level on students from straitened family circumstances, encouraging and guidingsocial forces to run educational undertakings, strengthening the construction of teaching staff”.Balanced development of education has become a major concern of the Party and thegovernment.With the use of some research methods such as documentation, interviewing,questionnaire, mathematical statistics, logical analysis and comprehensive research, this thesisconducted a study on the status quo and the specific working condition of P.E. teachers, sportsteachers, the situation of P.E. courses and sports resources. The results show that: There aresignificant distinctions between urban and rural areas on the number of P.E. teachers, theeducational background structure, academic title, welfare benefits, salary, training andteaching and research activities. Universally, the situation is better in cities than in rural areas.In addition, the housing accumulation fund and performance-related pay of P.E. teachers incities are obviously higher than those in rural areas; the lack of equipment is the greatestdifficulty that P.E. in rural schools are facing; in terms of school sports fund, its shortage is amajor problem faced by P.E. in rural schools of Shandong Province. Both urban and ruralareas didn’t meet the national student average standard of school sports fields, mainlycharacterized by distinct deficiency of school grounds in urban schools, the poor quality ofP.E. equipments and lack of quantity and species in rural schools, the low quality of grounds.There are significant differences between urban and rural areas.According to the current status of P.E. investigation of rural and urban schools in Shandong Province, this thesis analyzes the factors that affect the balanced development ofP.E. in primary and secondary schools, which is mainly because of imbalance between urbanand rural economic development; the cognitive distinction on school sports of school leaders,teachers and parents lays restraints on the balanced development of P.E. in urban and ruralareas; the inequality of the status of P.E. in schools leads to the equality of P.E. in urban andrural areas; the inequality on teacher salary and welfare benefits of P.E. teachers leads to theimbalanced development of P.E. human resources in urban and rural schools; the fundinggap of school sports between urban and rural areas results in the imbalanced allocation ofresources; lack of P.E. teaching resources causes the uneven development of school physicaleducation. On this basis, the thesis puts forward some strategies on the balanced developmentof primary and secondary school sports in urban and rural areas.1. Promoting economic development, increasing the funding investment for physicaleducation, implementing the mechanism to ensure funding. Strengthening economicconstruction, multi-channelly raising educational funding, forming a specialized oversightadministration to ensure that funding for physical education can yield a greatest effectivereturn.2. Strengthening the degree of attention on school physical education of school managerialstaff. Promoting the school leaders to change ideas, elevating their degree of attention onschool physical education and the status of P.E. teachers.3. Strengthening the assessing and evaluating system, strictly regulating the managementsystem of school physical education. Combining rewards and punishments, setting up theevaluation mechanism at all levels, regularly organizing assessment on school physicaleducation in Shandong Province, jointly promoting the balanced and healthy development ofP.E. in rural areas.4. Raising the overall quality of teachers, intensifying training efforts and improving teachingquality. Ensuring the number and quality of newly-introduced teachers, allocating a certainamount of female P.E. teachers based on the proportion of male and female students; makingfull use of the advantages of Normal Universities to enhance teachers’ educationalbackground structure.5. Putting efforts to solve the problem of teachers’ benefits, stabilizing teaching staff.Improving the material conditions of school physical education and the treatment of teachers in rural areas, giving spiritual and material rewards for those who have done an outstandingwork.6. Adopting “compensatory measures”: schools of backward areas have the priority on theallocation of P.E. resources.7. Establishing the sharing model of teacher resources in urban and rural areas. Carrying out awide range of sports exchanges between schools, narrowing the gap between urban and ruralschools and improving the overall level of school physical education.8. Rationally using and developing teaching resources. Combining with the localcharacteristics, working out measures that are in line with local conditions in terms ofteaching content. Urban schools should make full use of the limited space and rationally planschool sports facilities.9. Making full use of the resources of Normal College students and the advantage of highereducation and widely carrying out educational cooperation between schools.10. Flexibly carrying out extracurricular activities and extensively organizing sportscompetitions. Carrying out colorful and various extracurricular sports activities in a plannedand organized way in order to promote the development of school physical education.

山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展研究

摘要5-7Abstract7-9第一章 引言12-13    1.1 選題的意義12-13    1.2 教育均衡發(fā)展含義界定13第二章 研究綜述13-19    2.1 關(guān)于城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的研究現(xiàn)狀13-14    2.2 城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)校體育價(jià)值觀念的研究14-15    2.3 制約城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展的因素研究15-17    2.4 關(guān)于中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展對策的研究17-19第三章 研究方法19-21    3.1 文獻(xiàn)資料法19    3.2 訪談法19    3.3 問卷調(diào)查法19-20        3.3.1 問卷的效度19-20        3.3.2 問卷的信度20    3.4 數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法20    3.5 邏輯分析法20    3.6 綜合研究法20-21第四章 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與分析21-35    4.1 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育師資現(xiàn)狀的基本情況對比分析21-23    4.2 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育教師工作具體情況比較研究分析23-27        4.2.1 山東省城鄉(xiāng)體育教師工作量分析比較研究23-24        4.2.2 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育教師規(guī)定工資待遇分析比較24-25        4.2.3 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育教師服裝發(fā)放情況對比分析25        4.2.4 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育教師福利待遇、職稱評審差異分析25-26        4.2.5 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)開展體育教研活動、業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)比較分析研究26-27    4.3. 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育課程情況對比分析27-33        4.3.1 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育開課情況比較分析27-28        4.3.2 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)實(shí)施新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制定教學(xué)教案情況比較分析28-29        4.3.3 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)在體育課教學(xué)中現(xiàn)代化教育技術(shù)手段對比分析29        4.3.4 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育教學(xué)內(nèi)容及形式比較研究29-30        4.3.5 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)課間操、課外活動開展情況30-31        4.3.6 山東省城鄉(xiāng)影響中小學(xué)體育活動開展因素31-32        4.3.7 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育活動開展效果分析32-33        4.3.8 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)課余訓(xùn)練情況統(tǒng)計(jì)表33    4.4 山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育資源比較研究33-35        4.4.1 體育場地器材經(jīng)費(fèi)來源情況比較分析33-34        4.4.2 體育器材數(shù)量、達(dá)標(biāo)及來源情況34-35第五章 影響山東省城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展的因素分析35-39    5.1 山東省城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不均衡是導(dǎo)致學(xué)校體育不均衡發(fā)展的主要原因35-36    5.2 學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、教師和家長認(rèn)識觀念的差異制約城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展進(jìn)程36-37    5.3 學(xué)校體育地位的不公平導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)校體育教育的不公平37    5.4 城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育教師工資、福利待遇不公平導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)體育人力資源發(fā)展不均衡37-38    5.5 城鄉(xiāng)之間學(xué)校體育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入的差距導(dǎo)致學(xué)校體育城鄉(xiāng)資源配置的失衡38-39    5.6 體育教學(xué)資源的缺乏是造成學(xué)校體育教學(xué)不均衡發(fā)展的主要原因39第六章 城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展對策研究39-44    6.1 促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，加大體育教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，落實(shí)經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制39    6.2 加強(qiáng)學(xué)校管理人員對學(xué)校體育的重視程度39-40    6.3 健全評估評價(jià)體系、嚴(yán)格規(guī)范學(xué)校體育管理制度40    6.4 全面提升教師素質(zhì)，加大培訓(xùn)力度，提升教學(xué)質(zhì)量40-41    6.5 著力解決教師待遇問題，穩(wěn)定教師隊(duì)伍41-42    6.6 采取“補(bǔ)償措施”，體育教育資源的分配優(yōu)先照顧落后地區(qū)學(xué)校42    6.7 建立城鄉(xiāng)地域教師資源共享模式42-43    6.8 合理利用開發(fā)教學(xué)資源43    6.9 充分利用高校師范生資源43    6.10 靈活開展課外活動，廣泛組織運(yùn)動競賽43-44第七章 研究結(jié)論44-46參考文獻(xiàn)46-49致謝49-50附錄 150-53附錄 253-56附錄 356

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：山東省城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)學(xué)校體育均衡發(fā)展研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。