本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于計(jì)劃行為理論的上海市7-15歲少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間中高強(qiáng)度體力活動(dòng)水平研究　出處：《上海體育學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：與近30多年中國(guó)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力迅猛發(fā)展不同的是,少年兒童體力活動(dòng)時(shí)間卻大幅度減少。盡管全球范圍內(nèi)對(duì)少年兒童體力活動(dòng)采取了一定的促進(jìn)措施,如制定每天至少參與60分鐘中高強(qiáng)度體力活動(dòng)的推薦量,但沒有顯著的實(shí)施效果。因此要從心理層面探究影響少年兒童體力活動(dòng)水平及參與意向的因素。本研究旨在通過Acti Graph GT3X-Plus型加速度器測(cè)量,客觀評(píng)價(jià)上海市部分區(qū)縣少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間中高強(qiáng)度體力活動(dòng)(Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity,下用MVPA表示)處于何等水平及在人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)因素中的差異性;檢驗(yàn)計(jì)劃行為理論對(duì)未來一周少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間MVPA的普適性;通過訪談探究計(jì)劃行為理論框架下各變量對(duì)少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間MVPA參與行為的影響。本文運(yùn)用加速度器測(cè)量一周閑暇時(shí)間內(nèi)少年兒童MVPA水平,采用量表測(cè)量少年兒童未來一周的行為意向、行為態(tài)度、主觀規(guī)范、感知行為控制,運(yùn)用訪談法分析計(jì)劃行為理論各因素對(duì)少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間MVPA的影響。并運(yùn)用Acti Life6.5軟件和SPSS19.0對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析。本文研究結(jié)果表明:第一,353名上海市7—15歲少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間MVPA低于國(guó)外,上學(xué)日為12.79min/d,周末為14.10min/d,總MVPA為15.27 min/d。男生上學(xué)日、周末及總MVPA參與時(shí)間均高于女生且男生有更高的體力活動(dòng)行為意向與參與時(shí)間。低年級(jí)的參與意向與感知行為控制要高于高年級(jí),也一定程度上影響了其MVPA參與行為,低年級(jí)參與行為高于高年級(jí)。第二,少年兒童MVPA參與行為受到行為意向的直接影響和行為態(tài)度的間接推動(dòng)作用,感知行為控制、行為態(tài)度、主觀規(guī)范均與行為意向有顯著相關(guān)性。在人口學(xué)變量控制下,TPB模型可以解釋少年兒童11.0%的MVPA參與行為,被定義為“中等影響”。行為意向是TPB模型重要預(yù)測(cè)因素;行為態(tài)度和感知行為控制是行為意向的重要預(yù)測(cè)因子,解釋了行為意向的33.3%的方差。第三,根據(jù)計(jì)劃行為理論涵蓋的四大要素分析表明:多數(shù)少年兒童在閑暇時(shí)間內(nèi)有MVPA參與意向,促進(jìn)MVPA水平的因素排序前三位的是興趣愛好,強(qiáng)身健體和體育成績(jī)達(dá)標(biāo);少年兒童雖然持有積極的體力活動(dòng)評(píng)價(jià),但行為態(tài)度對(duì)體力活動(dòng)參與行為的影響微弱。這在一定程度上說明少年兒童MVPA參與受自我信念的影響較大。主觀規(guī)范:1.家庭層面的支持中,少年兒童主要受到父母的影響較大,多以陪伴、言語(yǔ)和物資支持為主,多數(shù)少年兒童受到父母的鼓勵(lì)會(huì)更加想要參加體力活動(dòng)且更希望其陪伴參與;2.朋友/同伴的支持多以陪伴、給予言語(yǔ)鼓勵(lì)和相互分享運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)歷為主,部分少年兒童更喜歡挑戰(zhàn)高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)技能參與者。體力活動(dòng)的性別差異:不與異性一起參與的因素主要集中在技能差異、選擇項(xiàng)目差異方面。持無性別差異影響觀點(diǎn)的同學(xué)有共同的興趣和愛好;3.體育教師對(duì)學(xué)生體力活動(dòng)的支持主要是以言語(yǔ)鼓勵(lì)、運(yùn)動(dòng)建議和技能傳授的支持。體育教師支持對(duì)少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間體力活動(dòng)影響主要集中在激發(fā)學(xué)生體力活動(dòng)積極性上。感知行為控制:對(duì)大部分學(xué)生體力活動(dòng)水平形成消極影響因素的有學(xué)業(yè)壓力、無閑暇時(shí)間、壞天氣;形成積極影響因素的是有便利的場(chǎng)地和設(shè)施及物質(zhì)支持、運(yùn)動(dòng)技能和好天氣。在計(jì)劃行為理論框架外,影響上海市少年兒童閑暇時(shí)間體力活動(dòng)參與的因素為性格、情緒、自信心和自身的負(fù)面身體情況。第四,就此提出4點(diǎn)建議:一是從引導(dǎo)少年兒童對(duì)體力活動(dòng)正確認(rèn)知出發(fā),激發(fā)少年兒童參與體力活動(dòng)的動(dòng)機(jī)和興趣;二是父母應(yīng)言傳身教,鼓勵(lì)支持并陪同少年兒童參與到體力活動(dòng)中;三是社區(qū)應(yīng)重視休閑體育教育的開發(fā),社區(qū)組織活動(dòng)要契合少年兒童興趣愛好,加強(qiáng)“30分鐘體育生活圈”的實(shí)效性,促進(jìn)少年兒童體力活動(dòng)參與;四是學(xué)校體育改革應(yīng)注重課內(nèi)所學(xué)向閑暇時(shí)間運(yùn)用的延伸。
[Abstract]:Different from the rapid development of political and economic strength in China over the past 30 years, the time of children's physical activity has been greatly reduced. Although there are some measures to promote children's physical activity in the world, for example, the recommended amount of physical activity is at least 60 minutes a day, but there is no significant implementation effect. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the factors that affect the level of physical activity and participation intention of children from the psychological level. The purpose of this study is to through the Acti Graph GT3X-Plus type accelerometer measurement, high intensity physical activity part of the county children's leisure time objective evaluation in Shanghai city (Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity, under MVPA) in different levels and how demographic factors in the test; the theory of planned behavior on children's leisure time next week MVPA universal; through interviews to explore the impact of the variables of the theory of planned behavior on children's leisure time MVPA participation. This paper uses accelerometers to measure children's level of MVPA a week in the leisure time by controlling the scale of children next week, behavioral intention, behavior attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral effects, using interviews analysis of various factors, the theory of planned behavior for children's leisure time MVPA. Acti Life6.5 software and SPSS19.0 are used to make statistics and analysis of the data. The results of this study are as follows: first, 353 children in 7 to 15 years old in Shanghai are less than MVPA in their leisure time, school day is 12.79min/d, weekend is 14.10min/d, total MVPA is 15.27 min/d. Boys' school day, weekend and total MVPA participation time were higher than girls and boys had higher physical activity intention and participation time. Junior students' participation intention and perceived behavior control are higher than those of senior grades, to a certain extent, their MVPA participation behavior is lower. Second, children's MVPA participation behavior is directly influenced by behavioral intention and indirectly promoted by behavioral attitude. Perceived behavior control, behavior attitude and subjective norm are significantly correlated with behavior intention. Under the control of demographic variables, the TPB model can explain 11% of the children's MVPA participation behavior, which is defined as "medium impact". Behavioral intention is an important predictor of TPB model. Behavior attitude and perceived behavior control are important predictors of behavioral intention, explaining 33.3% variance of behavioral intention. Third, according to the four elements covering the theory of planned behavior analysis showed that most of the children have MVPA intention to participate in leisure time, promoting factors of MVPA level ranking top three is of interest, physical fitness and sports performance standards; children though positive physical activity, but the attitude and behavior influence on participation behavior physical activity is weak. To a certain extent, this shows that children's MVPA participation is greatly influenced by self belief. Subjective norms: 1. family support level in children is mainly affected by their parents to accompany, much larger, verbal and material support, the majority of children will be encouraged by their parents to participate in physical activity and more to accompany participation; 2. friends / peer support to accompany, giving words of encouragement and mutual share sports experience, some children more love challenges of high level sport skill participants. Gender differences in physical activity: the factors that are not involved with the opposite sex are mainly focused on the differences in skill and selection of items. Students who have no gender differences in their views have common interests and hobbies. 3., physical education teachers support physical activities mainly by speech encouragement, sports advice and skill instruction. The influence of PE teachers on the physical activity of children's leisure time is mainly focused on stimulating the enthusiasm of students' physical activity. Perceived behavior control: academic stress, no leisure time and bad weather for most of the students' physical activity level. The positive factors are convenient facilities and material support, sports skills and good weather. In the framework of the theory of planned behavior, the factors influencing physical activity in Shanghai children's leisure time are personality, emotion, self-confidence and their negative physical condition. Fourth, put forward 4 suggestions: one is to guide children from physical activity of correct knowledge, inspire children to participate in physical activity, motivation and interest; the two is that parents should encourage and support their words and deeds, and accompany children to participate in physical activities; three is the development of the community should pay attention to the leisure sports education, community organization activities should fit the children's interests, to strengthen the effectiveness of "30 minute sports life circle, to promote children's physical activity participation; the four is the reform of school physical education should pay attention to the extension of the class learning to use leisure time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G812.45
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本文編號(hào)：1347113