本文關鍵詞： 成人 和諧 教學　出處：《曲阜師范大學》2002年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 在教學活動中，和諧既是一種教學指導思想，又是一個動態(tài)的過程，也是教學所追求的最高境界。和諧教學是教師的“教”與學習者的“學”相統(tǒng)一的互動活動。在這個活動中，既包含教師“教”的活動，也包括學習者“學”的活動，二者辯證統(tǒng)一于和諧教學過程中。但在實際教學活動中，往往只強調教師單向施教，而忽視學習者作為學習主體的主動參與，導致教學陷于“無人”、支離破碎和片面化之中。教師因之變得厭教，學習者因之變得厭學，造成“教”與“學”的不和諧，難以達到最優(yōu)的教學效果。 在成人教學活動，特別在成人課堂教學活動中，導致教學收不到最佳效果的不和諧因素同樣存在。如成人教學價值的背離、成人教學“普教化”、成人教學中“教”與“學”的疏離、成人教學中教學主體的倒錯等等。這些不和諧因素的存在嚴重影響了成人教學質量的提高，阻礙了成人教育的發(fā)展。我們就嘗試建構一種教學模式，減少甚至消除這些不和諧因素，使成人課堂教學中的“教”與“學”達到和諧統(tǒng)一。 為了闡明成人和諧教學理論，有必要對若干相關的基本范疇加以梳理，它們就是：和諧、和諧教學、成人和諧教學。成人和諧教學是指在成人課堂教學中按照素質教育的要求，使“教”的節(jié)奏能接近、適應，協(xié)調成人學員“學”的內在節(jié)律，逐步使成人學員“學”的節(jié)律與成人教師“教”的節(jié)奏達到和諧共振，使成人課堂獲得最大效益的一種教學模式。它與一般的普通課堂教學相比，具有針對性、互補性、整體性和審美性的特征。 任何理論的形成與其他科學都有著密切的關系，都有其產(chǎn)生的理論基礎和客觀依據(jù)。成人和諧教學的產(chǎn)生，有其哲學基礎，心理學基礎。系統(tǒng)科學基礎、社會學基礎和管理學基礎以及工效學基礎等；成 人教學的質量危機、成人教育的發(fā)展需求、成人教學的內在要求以及 教學活動的基本要求等為其產(chǎn)生提供了客觀依據(jù)． 一個理論體系產(chǎn)生了，那么怎樣建構它呢？成人和諧教學體系的 建構主要包括三個部分：成人和諧教學體系的建構（一）—一和諧教 學的命題、成人和諧教學體系的建構（二）—一和諧教學的策略、成 ．人和諧教學體系的建構（三）—一和梆學的境界． 建構一個理論，就要對其基本命題以及價值加以分析闡釋．成人 和諧教學的基本命題有四個：咽教而教＼“困學而教＼“因教而 學＼“因學而學＼“困教而教”的主體是教師，前提是對自身的了解； 而“困學而教”的主體也是教師，前提是對學習者的了解；咽教而學” 的主體是學習者，前提是對教師的了解；而“因學而學”的主體是學 習者，前提是對自身的了解．無論主體是教師還是學習者、前提是對 教師的了解還是對學習者的了解，這四個命題都是從師生互動的馴 上進行研究的．既調動了教師“教”的積極性，又發(fā)揮了學習者“學” 的主動性，使“教”與“學”達到和諧統(tǒng)一。“因教而教”與“因學而 占 教”作為一種“教”的理論，“困教而學”與“因學而學”作為一種“學” 的理論，在一定程度上彌補了我國教學理論的不足，對于指導成人教 師的“教”和成人學頁的“學”將會產(chǎn)生一定的參考價值． 解析成人“困教而教”、咽學而教”、“因教而學”、咽學而學” 四個命題的內涵，闡釋這四個命題的價值，最終落腳于咸人和諧教學 策略。在成人教學活動中，如何建構成人“困教而教”、“因學而教”、 咽教而學”、咽學而學”的策略，從而實現(xiàn)成人和諧教學是本論文 的重中之重．實現(xiàn)成人和諧教學，就要有自覺培養(yǎng)“和諧教學”的意 識，這是其必要前提；建立和諧的師生關系是其靈魂；正確處理“教” ．與“學”的辯證關系，是其基本要求；提高成人學員的元 知能力是 其關鍵；教學目標是學校一切教學活動的出發(fā)點和歸宿，它指導和制 約著學校的一切教學活動，困此成人和諧教學中要因目標而“教” “學＼ 最后，在成人和諧教學過程中，要根據(jù)“教＼“學”的情況采 取相應的匹配或失配策略，這是實現(xiàn)成人和諧教學的有效途徑． 2 ） 成人和諧教學的境界主要有三個層面：即以“教”為支點，，發(fā)揮 成人教師的主導作用，實現(xiàn)成人“因教而教”與“因學而教”的整合 建構，從而達到成人和諧教學第一層面的境界—一和諧地教；以“學” 為支點，發(fā)揮成人學員的主體作用，實現(xiàn)成人“困教而學”與“困學 而學”的整合建構，從而達到成人和諧教學第二層面的境界—一和諧 ”地?
[Abstract]:In the teaching activities, harmony is a kind of teaching guiding ideology, but also is a dynamic process, is also the highest realm pursued teaching. Teaching is the unity of the harmonious interaction of teachers "teaching" and "learning" learners. In this activity, both "teaching" activities. Including the learners "learning" activities, the two dialectical unity in harmony in the process of teaching. But in the actual teaching activities, often emphasize teaching, and neglect the learners as active participation in learning the subject, cause the teaching in "no", the fragmentation and one-sided. Because teachers become disgusted with teach, learners become disgusted with learning and the cause of "teaching" and "learning" is not harmonious, it is difficult to achieve the best teaching effect.
In the adult teaching activities, especially in the adult classroom teaching activities, leading to disharmony factors teaching does not receive the best effect also exists. From the teaching value such as adult, adult teaching of "general education" in adult teaching, "teaching" and "learning" the alienation of teaching subject in adult teaching perversion and so on. These disharmonious factors have seriously affected the quality of adult education is improved, hinders the development of adult education. We will try to establish a teaching mode, reduce or even eliminate these disharmonious factors, the adult in the classroom teaching of "teaching" and "learning" to achieve harmony and unity.
In order to clarify the theory of the adult harmony teaching, it is necessary to some basic concepts related to comb, which is: harmony, harmonious education, adult harmony teaching. Adult harmony teaching is in the adult classroom instruction according to the requirements of quality education, make the rhythm of "teaching" to adapt, coordination of adult students "intrinsic rhythm theory", gradually make the adult students "learning" rhythm and adult "teaching" rhythm to achieve harmony and resonance, make an adult classroom teaching mode. It is the biggest benefit compared with the ordinary classroom instruction, targeted, complementary, comprehensive features and aesthetic.
The formation of any theory and other sciences are closely related, has its theoretical foundation and objective basis. The adult harmony teaching, on the basis of philosophy, psychology foundation. Foundation of system science, sociology foundation and management foundation and ergonomics into base;
The quality crisis of human teaching, the development demand of adult education, the inherent requirement of adult teaching and the requirement of adult education,
The basic requirements of teaching activities provide an objective basis for its production.
A theoretical system has come into being, so how to construct it? The system of adult harmonious teaching
The construction mainly includes three parts: the construction of the harmonious teaching system for adults (one) - a harmonious teaching
The proposition of learning, the construction of the harmonious teaching system for adults (two) - a strategy of Harmonious Teaching
The construction of harmonious teaching system. (three) - and a bang science realm.
To construct a theory, it is necessary to analyze and interpret its basic propositions and values.
The basic proposition of harmonious teaching has four: Swallow teach to teach to learn and teach, \ "trapped" Teaching
Learn, learn and learn, "because" trapped education and teaching "is the main body of teachers, is the premise of understanding;
The subject of "learning and teaching" is also the teacher, the premise is to understand the learners; to learn to learn to learn.
The subject is the learner, the premise is the understanding of the teacher, and the subject of "learning by learning" is learning.
The premise is that the premise is that the subject is the teacher or the learner.
Teachers' understanding or understanding of the learners, these four propositions are all from the interaction of teachers and students.
The study not only aroused the teachers' enthusiasm for "teaching", but also gave full play to the "learning" of the learners.
The initiative of "teaching" and "learning" achieve a harmonious unity. "Teaching by teaching" and "learning by learning"
The theory of "religion" as a kind of "teaching", "learning from teaching and learning" and "learning by learning" as a kind of "learning"
The theory, to a certain extent, has made up for the insufficiency of our country's teaching theory and instructs the adult teaching.
The "teaching" of the teachers and the "learning" of the pages of adult studies will have a certain reference value.
Analysis of adult "teaching and teaching", swallow learning and teach "," because of teaching, "learn to learn and learn."
The connotation of the four propositions is to explain the value of the four propositions and finally to the harmonious teaching of the salted people.
Strategy. In adult teaching activities, how to construct adult "teaching and teaching", "teach by learning",
The strategy of "learning to swallow learning and learning" in order to realize the harmonious teaching of adults is the thesis of this paper
In order to realize the harmonious teaching of adults, we should consciously cultivate the meaning of "harmonious teaching"
Understanding, this is the necessary premise; the establishment of a harmonious relationship between teachers and students is its soul; the correct handling of "teaching"
The basic requirement of the dialectical relationship with "learning" is to improve the knowledge of the adult students.
The key point is that the teaching goal is the starting point and the end end of all the teaching activities in the school, and it is directed and made.
With all the teaching activities of the school, the teaching of the adult harmonious teaching should be "taught" for the goal.
"And finally, in the adult harmony teaching process, according to" teach, "study" of the situation of mining
The corresponding strategy of matching or mismatching is an effective way to realize the harmonious teaching of adults.
Two
)
There are three main levels of the harmonious teaching of adults: Taking "teaching" as the fulcrum and giving full play to it
The leading role of adult teachers to realize the integration of "teaching by teaching" and "teaching by learning"
Construction, thus reaching the first level of the adult harmonious teaching - a harmonious teaching; with "learning"
As a fulcrum, the main role of adult students should be given full play to the realization of adult "stranded teaching and learning" and "sleepy learning"
The integration and construction of "learning" can achieve the second level of the adult harmonious teaching - a harmony
"Land?"

【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：G720

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 郭永久;園林尺度研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2012年

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 張倩;論保羅·弗萊雷的成人教學思想及其啟示[D];西南大學;2011年

本文編號：1450246