本文選題：大學(xué)生 + 膳食結(jié)構(gòu)�。� 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：大學(xué)時(shí)期是人生發(fā)展的一個(gè)特殊階段,從高中緊張的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)中過渡到了大學(xué)自由,松散的環(huán)境,這種過渡助長(zhǎng)了飲食結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。這種不良的結(jié)構(gòu)使大學(xué)生營養(yǎng)過剩造成肥胖等疾病以及攝入的營養(yǎng)不足,使得身體素質(zhì)下降。本文根據(jù)大學(xué)生的日常飲食習(xí)慣,通過調(diào)查分析,得出影響其體質(zhì)健康的因素,通過合理的監(jiān)督和措施的執(zhí)行,規(guī)范大學(xué)生的日常飲食,切實(shí)提高大學(xué)生的體質(zhì)健康。選取長(zhǎng)沙市5所教育部批準(zhǔn)的普通高等學(xué)校的500名大二、大三學(xué)生,其中985高校1所,211高校1所,省屬重點(diǎn)高校2所,市屬重點(diǎn)高校1所,被調(diào)查的學(xué)生所在學(xué)校在高校的不同層面上,因此,調(diào)查結(jié)果具有代表性。本文研究采用KAP營養(yǎng)調(diào)查問卷和24h回顧法,為本課題的研究提供相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確科學(xué)的資料和數(shù)據(jù)來源。調(diào)查結(jié)果如下：(1)800m成績(jī)和臺(tái)階實(shí)驗(yàn)與是否吃早餐、是否吃零食、是否吃夜宵、能量等營養(yǎng)素呈正相關(guān)。50m成績(jī)與各指標(biāo)之間無明顯相關(guān)性,說明50米成績(jī)要求的體育鍛煉差別不大,且與是否吃早餐、是否吃零食、是否吃夜宵、能量等營養(yǎng)素的攝入關(guān)系不大。(2)肺活量指標(biāo)與谷類、菜類、奶類、夜宵頻率、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、Fe、維生素A、維生素B1正相關(guān)。(3)從檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果得出的大二、大三學(xué)生的身高比較來看,雞蛋、牛奶攝入頻率高,蛋白質(zhì)和優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)攝入多,維生素A、維生素B2、鈣等礦物質(zhì)攝入多,吃早餐的頻率高、少吃夜宵與增高有關(guān),說明膳食結(jié)構(gòu)中牛奶、雞蛋、優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)、鈣等膳食營養(yǎng)素對(duì)大學(xué)生的身高增高有明顯影響,排除遺傳因素的影響,大學(xué)生仍然可以通過合理的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)改變他們的身高。(4)視力不良指標(biāo)與谷類、菜類、奶類、夜宵頻率、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、Fe、維生素A、維生素B1正相關(guān),血壓偏高指標(biāo)與菜類、水果、魚類、Ca、維生素A、維生素B1正相關(guān),貧血與早餐、零食和Fe正相關(guān)。 通過調(diào)查及分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)沙市的大二、大三學(xué)生存在較多的膳食結(jié)構(gòu)和體質(zhì)健康問題,主要表現(xiàn)為零食使用過多、夜宵過多、食物營養(yǎng)元素的獲取不均衡,呈現(xiàn)出普遍的營養(yǎng)缺乏。原因一方面體現(xiàn)在注重形體美、減肥節(jié)食；另一方面是飲食消費(fèi)能力限制。造成經(jīng)常不吃早餐,或早餐吃的過晚,帶到課堂上吃：寢室熄燈晚,常常到半夜1-2點(diǎn)鐘；零食使用過多,導(dǎo)致肥胖等疾病；食物的選擇依據(jù)不是根據(jù)其營養(yǎng)元素的含量,而是主要依據(jù)個(gè)人愛好的口味和日常形成的飲食習(xí)慣。因此,有必要加強(qiáng)膳食管理和干預(yù),指導(dǎo)大學(xué)生合理膳食。同時(shí)對(duì)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行營養(yǎng)知識(shí)的宣傳教育,從而幫助其進(jìn)行合理的食物選擇,改進(jìn)他們的膳食結(jié)構(gòu),以切實(shí)的提高他們的體質(zhì)健康。
[Abstract]:The university period is a special stage in the development of life. The transition from the tense learning state in the senior high school to the free and loose environment in the university contributes to the irrational diet structure. This poor structure causes obesity and other diseases, as well as inadequate intake of nutrition, resulting in a decline in physical fitness. According to the daily eating habits of college students and through investigation and analysis, this paper draws the conclusion that the factors affecting their physical health can be improved by reasonable supervision and implementation of measures to regulate the daily diet of college students and to improve their physical health. In this paper, 500 sophomores and junior students of 5 colleges and universities approved by the Ministry of Education in Changsha City are selected. Among them, 985 colleges and universities have one or two universities, two provincial key universities and one municipal key colleges and universities. The students are in different levels of higher education, so the results are representative. In this paper, KAP nutrition questionnaire and 24 h review method were used to provide relatively accurate and scientific data sources for the study of this subject. The results are as follows: (1) there is no significant correlation between 800m achievement and step test and whether to eat breakfast, snack or not, energy and other nutrients. It shows that there is no significant difference between physical exercise and breakfast, whether to eat snacks, whether to eat supper or not, whether to eat energy and other nutrients. (2) vital capacity index and cereals, vegetables, milk, frequency of supper, protein, etc. Fat Fe, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 are positively correlated. (3) comparing the height of sophomore and sophomore students from the test results, egg and milk intake frequency is high, and protein and high quality protein intake is high. Vitamin A, vitamin B2, calcium and other minerals were ingested more frequently, and the frequency of breakfast was high. Eating less supper was related to the increase, which indicated that dietary nutrients such as milk, eggs, high quality protein, calcium and other dietary nutrients in the dietary structure had a significant effect on the increase of college students' height. Excluding the influence of genetic factors, college students can still change their height through a reasonable dietary structure. (4) the visual impairment index is positively correlated with cereals, vegetables, milk, supper frequency, protein, fat Feb, vitamin A, vitamin B1, etc. High blood pressure was positively correlated with vegetables, fruits, fish, vitamin A, vitamin B1, anemia and breakfast, snacks and Fe. Through investigation and analysis, it is found that the sophomore and junior students in Changsha have more problems in dietary structure and physical health, which are mainly manifested in the excessive use of snacks, too much supper, and unbalanced access to food nutrients. There is a widespread nutritional deficiency. On the one hand, the reason is to pay attention to body beauty, weight loss diet; on the other hand, dietary consumption capacity restrictions. Often skip breakfast, or eat too late for breakfast, take it to class: turn off the lights in your bedroom late, often until 1-2 o'clock in the middle of the night; use too many snacks, leading to diseases such as obesity; and choose your food on the basis of its nutrient content. But mainly based on the taste of personal interests and the daily formation of eating habits. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen dietary management and intervention to guide college students to eat properly. At the same time, the propaganda and education of nutrition knowledge was carried out to help college students to choose reasonable food, improve their dietary structure, and improve their physical health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TS201.4;G647.82

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