本文選題：美國研究型大學(xué)　切入點：通識教育　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：通識教育自19世紀(jì)以來作為美國研究型大學(xué)的人才培養(yǎng)模式,因培養(yǎng)了諸多精英人才取得巨大成功而被世界各國競相模仿。通識教育不僅僅是由一系列不同領(lǐng)域的課程所構(gòu)建的,更重要的是學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,能夠運用多學(xué)科的思維方式、研究方法、學(xué)科視野,以理性、合乎邏輯的方式分析、批判和解決各種問題,加之文理滲透、價值形成等作用,使得通識教育不單以課程的形式對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生影響,而是通過文化的形成對人才培養(yǎng)發(fā)生不可替代的作用。反觀我國,我們的素質(zhì)教育理念、制度、課程等都沒有得到很好地落實,很多時候我們僅僅把素質(zhì)教育簡化為選修課來看待,缺乏素質(zhì)教育在人才培養(yǎng)中的全要素滲透和全程參與,“他山之石,可以攻玉”,如何借鑒通識教育的成功經(jīng)驗,并正確理解和踐行素質(zhì)教育是我們今后必須面對的問題。 鑒于通識教育在人才培養(yǎng)的過程中所起到的重要作用,筆者試圖在本研究中探究通識教育與人才培養(yǎng)之間的脈絡(luò)關(guān)系,并基于以下幾個方面展開研究：美國研究型大學(xué)的通識教育課程營造了一種怎樣的文化氛圍,它對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了哪些效果,通識教育文化對人才培養(yǎng)的影響體現(xiàn)在哪些方面,我國素質(zhì)教育不甚成功的原因何在以及我國的素質(zhì)教育如何汲取美國高校通識教育的成功經(jīng)驗。通過研究,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),在通識教育的核心課程的設(shè)計中,人文科學(xué)課程營造了自由多元的環(huán)境氛圍,社會科學(xué)課程塑造了民主批判的公民文化,自然科學(xué)課程引領(lǐng)了理性嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S方式。因此,就通識教育所營造的大學(xué)文化對學(xué)生的影響而言,人文科學(xué)知識實現(xiàn)學(xué)生視角從關(guān)注局部到注重整體的轉(zhuǎn)變,把握了知識的整體性和尋根性；自然科學(xué)知識的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識到,科學(xué)活動作為一個求真、求知、求是的過程,是人對未知世界的探索,不以任何功利為目的,并不斷地追求創(chuàng)新；就社會科學(xué)知識的學(xué)習(xí)而言,通識教育關(guān)注人與人之間的心靈溝通,并教人尊重自然,使人與社會之間的和諧關(guān)系得以美好構(gòu)建�？偠灾�,通識教育無論是在知識、能力還是情感上,對學(xué)生的成長都是不無裨益的,因此將素質(zhì)教育納入人才培養(yǎng)體系的全過程是提升大學(xué)人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量的必需。
[Abstract]:Since 19th century, general education has been a talent training model for research universities in the United States. Because of the great success of cultivating many elite talents, many countries around the world are competing to imitate it. General education is not only constructed by a series of courses in different fields, but more importantly, students are learning in the process. Able to use multidisciplinary thinking, research methods, subject vision, rational and logical analysis, criticism and solution of various problems, in addition to the penetration of literature and science, value formation and so on. So that general education not only has an impact on students in the form of curriculum, but also plays an irreplaceable role in the cultivation of talents through the formation of culture. Courses and so on have not been implemented very well. In many cases, we only simplify quality education into elective courses, and lack the all-factor infiltration and full participation of quality education in the training of talents, "he said. How to learn from the successful experience of general education and correctly understand and practice quality education is the problem we must face in the future. In view of the important role of general education in the process of talent training, the author tries to explore the relationship between general education and talent training in this study. The research is based on the following aspects: what kind of cultural atmosphere has been created by the general education curriculum in American research universities, what effect it has had on students, and what aspects of the impact of general education culture on the cultivation of talents, What is the reason why the quality education in our country is not very successful and how does the quality education in our country learn from the successful experience of general education in the United States? through the research, the author finds that in the design of the core curriculum of general education, The humanities curriculum has created a free and pluralistic environment, the social science curriculum has shaped the democratic and critical civic culture, and the natural science curriculum has led to a rational and rigorous way of thinking. As far as the influence of the university culture created by general education on students is concerned, the humanistic knowledge realizes the change from paying attention to the part to the whole, and grasps the wholeness and root-seeking of the knowledge, and the study of the natural science knowledge. Let students realize that scientific activities, as a process of seeking truth, knowledge and seeking truth, are people's exploration of the unknown world, without any utilitarian purpose, and constantly pursue innovation; as far as the study of social science knowledge is concerned, General education pays attention to the spiritual communication between people and teaches people to respect nature, so that the harmonious relationship between people and society can be well constructed. In a word, general education is not only in knowledge, but also in ability and emotion. Therefore, it is necessary to bring quality education into the whole process of talent training system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.712

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