本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高校學(xué)生成績(jī) 多元統(tǒng)計(jì)方法 聚類 回歸分析 因子分析　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高校學(xué)生的畢業(yè)去向是學(xué)生和社會(huì)各界均非常關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。學(xué)生畢業(yè)去向與高校的培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量是密切相關(guān)的，學(xué)生的就業(yè)情況對(duì)學(xué)校的培養(yǎng)方案及教學(xué)質(zhì)量具有重要的指導(dǎo)作用。論文以重慶市某高校的數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生就業(yè)情況為例，把學(xué)生的成績(jī)與就業(yè)情況聯(lián)系在一起，根據(jù)成績(jī)將學(xué)生進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的分類，尋找每一類就業(yè)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的特征，建立學(xué)生的特征與就業(yè)類型之間映射關(guān)系，學(xué)校可以根據(jù)學(xué)生的狀況和社會(huì)的需求調(diào)整課程的設(shè)置，學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)的安排，教材內(nèi)容的改革和教學(xué)方法的改進(jìn)，構(gòu)建學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行分層培養(yǎng)的一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)，合理優(yōu)化教育資源配置。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生朝著能發(fā)揮自己優(yōu)勢(shì)的方向發(fā)展，讓優(yōu)秀的人才更快更好的成長(zhǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)菜單式的培養(yǎng)模式，增加高等教育培養(yǎng)模式中的柔性。 論文提出了一種基于多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的高校學(xué)生分層培養(yǎng)模型。根據(jù)學(xué)生的就業(yè)情況，以在校期間成績(jī)?yōu)橹笜?biāo)，采用層次聚類方法把學(xué)生分為三類（即讀研學(xué)生、就業(yè)學(xué)生和肄業(yè)待業(yè)學(xué)生三個(gè)大類），得出三個(gè)大類學(xué)生的特征： 第一類（讀研究生類）：專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課和公共基礎(chǔ)課有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)，，這一部分學(xué)生要求教師在教學(xué)中善于提出問(wèn)題，啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考。主要是培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)新思維，把他們培養(yǎng)成極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的創(chuàng)新型人才。 第二類（就業(yè)學(xué)生類）：這類學(xué)生是社會(huì)急需的實(shí)用型人才。這部分學(xué)生要求學(xué)校注重實(shí)踐能力培養(yǎng)和應(yīng)用創(chuàng)新能力訓(xùn)練，使得學(xué)生具有寬廣的知識(shí)面，完備的知識(shí)框架和能夠?yàn)樯鐣?huì)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的技能。 第三類（待業(yè)類或肄業(yè)類）：這部分學(xué)生顯示出來(lái)的特征是基礎(chǔ)差，補(bǔ)考的科目比較多，虛度了大學(xué)階段的大好光陰，在畢業(yè)的時(shí)候還有課程不過(guò)關(guān)，導(dǎo)致就業(yè)難。這部分學(xué)生要求學(xué)校需要付出更多的關(guān)心，及早做好后進(jìn)生的轉(zhuǎn)化工作，避免這類學(xué)生的出現(xiàn)。 論文對(duì)聚類結(jié)果中的第一類學(xué)生的考研入學(xué)成績(jī)與本科的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)做回歸分析，篩選其中的變量，對(duì)篩選出來(lái)的變量做因子分析，確定對(duì)考研學(xué)生的教學(xué)培養(yǎng)方案；對(duì)第二類學(xué)生的就業(yè)情況與其本科的成績(jī)做回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們的就業(yè)情況與成績(jī)相關(guān)性不是很明顯，與其他因素相關(guān)，如交際能力，動(dòng)手能力等等，對(duì)這部分學(xué)生還應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)綜合素質(zhì)教育。
[Abstract]:The direction of college students' graduation is a problem that students and all walks of life pay close attention to. The direction of students' graduation is closely related to the quality of education in colleges and universities. The employment situation of students plays an important role in guiding the training scheme and teaching quality of the school. This paper takes the employment situation of mathematics major in a university in Chongqing as an example to link the students' achievement with the employment situation. According to the results, the students are classified accordingly, the characteristics of each kind of employment students are found, and the mapping relationship between the students' characteristics and the types of employment is established. The school can adjust the curriculum according to the students' conditions and the needs of the society. The arrangement of school hours, the reform of teaching material content and the improvement of teaching methods, the establishment of a dynamic system of stratified cultivation of students in schools, the rational optimization of the allocation of educational resources, and the guidance of students to develop in a direction that can bring their own advantages into full play. Let the outstanding talents grow faster and better, realize the menu training mode, and increase the flexibility in the higher education training mode. This paper presents a hierarchical training model for college students based on multivariate statistical analysis. According to the employment situation of the students and taking the achievement in school as the index, the paper classifies the students into three categories (that is, graduate students) by hierarchical clustering method. There are three major categories of employed students and unemployed students, and the characteristics of the three major categories of students are obtained:. The first category (graduate students: professional basic courses and public basic courses have obvious advantages, this part of the students require teachers to be good at teaching questions, inspire students to think, mainly to cultivate their innovative thinking, Train them into innovative talents with competitive advantages. The second category (employed students): this kind of students are the practical talents urgently needed by the society. This group of students require schools to pay attention to the training of practical ability and the ability to apply innovation, so that the students have a wide range of knowledge. Complete knowledge framework and skills to solve practical problems for society. The third category (waiting or not studying): this group of students show the characteristics of poor foundation, more subjects in the supplementary examination, wasted good time in the university stage, and still fail the course at the time of graduation. This part of the students require schools to pay more attention to the transformation of backward students early to avoid the emergence of such students. In this paper, regression analysis is made on the first kind of students' entrance grades and undergraduate grades in the clustering results, the variables are screened, the selected variables are analyzed, and the teaching and training programs of the students are determined. The regression analysis between the employment situation of the second type students and their undergraduate achievement shows that the correlation between the employment situation and the achievement is not obvious, but is related to other factors, such as communication ability, hands-on ability and so on. This part of the students should also strengthen comprehensive quality education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G642.0

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