本文關(guān)鍵詞： 河南省 高等教育消費(fèi) 城鄉(xiāng)差異 影響因素　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自從1999年我國高校實(shí)施擴(kuò)招政策以來,高考錄取人數(shù)及錄取率持續(xù)14年快速增長。高校規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大為農(nóng)村學(xué)生提供了更多接受高等教育的機(jī)會,但是高等教育消費(fèi)的城鄉(xiāng)差異并沒有縮小,尤其是名校農(nóng)村籍學(xué)生的比例在減少。高等教育消費(fèi)的城鄉(xiāng)差異是我國特有的城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)造成的結(jié)果,是一個歷史發(fā)展問題,城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)使我國城市與農(nóng)村在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、教育等方面存在很大差異,這種差異直接影響到城鄉(xiāng)高等教育消費(fèi)差異。 基于以上背景,本研究運(yùn)用實(shí)證研究方法,以河南省衛(wèi)輝市城鄉(xiāng)大學(xué)生作為研究對象,通過調(diào)查城鄉(xiāng)高等教育消費(fèi)的差異現(xiàn)狀,試圖探究造成差異的各種因素,最后對如何縮小城鄉(xiāng)高等教育消費(fèi)差異提出對策建議。 通過調(diào)查分析發(fā)現(xiàn),衛(wèi)輝市高等教育消費(fèi)的城鄉(xiāng)差異主要表現(xiàn)在以下三方面：第一,高等教育消費(fèi)起點(diǎn)差異——入學(xué)機(jī)會差異：第二,高等教育消費(fèi)過程差異——家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)與接受高等教育相互影響的差異；第三,高等教育消費(fèi)結(jié)果差異——深造、就業(yè)等的差異。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),河南省衛(wèi)輝市高等教育消費(fèi)城鄉(xiāng)差異具有系統(tǒng)連續(xù)性,起點(diǎn)差異影響結(jié)果差異,過程差異最大等特點(diǎn)。另外,河南省衛(wèi)輝市高等教育消費(fèi)城鄉(xiāng)差異的三個方面均呈擴(kuò)大趨勢。 通過對影響衛(wèi)輝市高等教育消費(fèi)城鄉(xiāng)差異的因素進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),宏觀因素中,城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)、戶籍制度、教育制度和政策、基礎(chǔ)教育、就業(yè)形勢是影響城鄉(xiāng)高等教育消費(fèi)差異的主要因素；微觀因素中,經(jīng)濟(jì)資本方面：家庭年均可支配收入、教育支出比例主要影響高等教育消費(fèi)的起點(diǎn)差異和過程差異；社會資本方面：父母職業(yè)對高等教育消費(fèi)差異的整個過程都有明顯影響,而且影響城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)教育差異；文化資本方面,父母受教育程度主要對高等教育消費(fèi)的起點(diǎn)差異和過程差異有影響,家庭文化氛圍主要影響高等教育消費(fèi)城鄉(xiāng)起點(diǎn)差異；個人方面,上大學(xué)最大動機(jī)主要影響高等教育消費(fèi)城鄉(xiāng)起點(diǎn)差異。 針對河南省衛(wèi)輝市高等教育消費(fèi)差異的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況,本研究認(rèn)為,應(yīng)從宏觀和微觀兩方面著手縮小城鄉(xiāng)高等教育消費(fèi)差異。具體來說,宏觀方面：改革教育制度,加快發(fā)展農(nóng)村教育；優(yōu)化資源配置,提高農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育質(zhì)量；拓寬就業(yè)渠道,提高農(nóng)村學(xué)生就業(yè)：發(fā)展各類教育,增加農(nóng)村入學(xué)機(jī)會。微觀方面：加快農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距；發(fā)展農(nóng)村終身教育,提高農(nóng)民文化素質(zhì)；端正上大學(xué)動機(jī),注重提高自身素質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Since 1999, the number of students admitted to the college entrance examination and the admission rate have increased rapidly for 14 years since the implementation of the policy of expanding enrollment in colleges and universities in China. The expansion of the scale of colleges and universities has provided more opportunities for rural students to receive higher education. However, the urban-rural difference in higher education consumption has not narrowed, especially the proportion of rural students in famous schools is decreasing. The urban-rural difference in higher education consumption is the result of our country's unique urban-rural dual economic structure, and it is a historical development problem. The dual structure of urban and rural areas leads to great differences between urban and rural areas in economy, politics, culture, education and so on, which directly affect the difference of consumption of urban and rural higher education. Based on the above background, this study uses the empirical research method, taking the urban and rural college students in Weihui City, Henan Province as the research object, through the investigation of the urban and rural higher education consumption difference situation, attempts to explore the various factors that cause the difference. Finally, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to reduce the difference between urban and rural higher education consumption. Through investigation and analysis, it is found that the urban and rural differences of higher education consumption in Weihui City are mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the difference of the starting point of higher education consumption-the difference of access opportunities; second, The difference of consumption process of higher education: the difference between family economy and higher education; third, the difference of consumption result of higher education, the difference of further study, employment and so on. The urban and rural differences of higher education consumption in Weihui City of Henan Province have the characteristics of system continuity, the difference of starting point affecting the result and the biggest difference of process, etc. In addition, the three aspects of urban and rural differences of higher education consumption in Weihui City of Henan Province are all showing a trend of expansion. Through the analysis of the factors affecting the difference between urban and rural consumption of higher education in Weihui, we find that among the macro factors, the dual structure of urban and rural areas, the household registration system, the educational system and policies, the basic education, The employment situation is the main factor that affects the difference of higher education consumption between urban and rural areas, among the micro factors, the economic capital aspect: the average annual disposable income of the family, the proportion of the education expenditure mainly affects the starting point difference and the process difference of the higher education consumption; In terms of social capital: parental occupation has a significant impact on the whole process of consumption differences in higher education, and it also affects the differences in basic education between urban and rural areas; cultural capital, Parents' education level mainly affects the starting point difference and process difference of higher education consumption, family culture atmosphere mainly affects the urban and rural starting point difference of higher education consumption. The biggest motivation to go to college mainly affects the starting point difference between urban and rural higher education consumption. In view of the reality of the difference in higher education consumption in Weihui City, Henan Province, this study holds that the difference between urban and rural higher education consumption should be reduced from the macro and micro aspects. Speed up the development of rural education, optimize the allocation of resources, improve the quality of rural basic education, broaden employment channels, improve rural students' employment, develop all kinds of education and increase rural entrance opportunities. To narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas; to develop lifelong education in rural areas to improve the cultural quality of farmers; to correct the motivation for college and to pay attention to improving their own quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.2

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