本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高等教育助學(xué)貸款 國家助學(xué)貸款政策 財務(wù)管理 風(fēng)險管控　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國家助學(xué)貸款作為一種具有突出中國特色的貸款模式，是一種融政策性與盈利性于一體的新的個人理財項目，涉及到貸款學(xué)生，學(xué)生家長，貸款高校，經(jīng)辦銀行，國家財政等多方面經(jīng)濟利益和社會利益的多方博弈，是高校財務(wù)，，銀行財務(wù)和國家財務(wù)中的一項重要財務(wù)管理課題。 國家助學(xué)貸款政策產(chǎn)生于我國教育改革大背景下，為了緩解改革后教育資源的稀缺以及保證教育機會平等，中國人民銀行、財政部、教育部在8大城市幾所高校范圍內(nèi)進行國家助學(xué)貸款試點并先后推廣至全國，在政策實行的十幾年間我國不斷調(diào)整和完善國家助學(xué)貸款相關(guān)政策和體系，使得越來越多的家庭經(jīng)濟困難學(xué)生走進大學(xué)校園，順利完成自己的學(xué)業(yè)步入社會，為促進社會和諧穩(wěn)定快速發(fā)展提供了強有力的保障。但是在國家助學(xué)貸款工作中，仍然存在著一些因素阻礙制約著國家助學(xué)貸款政策發(fā)展，銀行因不愿承擔(dān)違約風(fēng)險而傾向停貸的危機就像定時炸彈潛伏著，高校因貸款管理成本過高引發(fā)財務(wù)風(fēng)險開始懼貸惜貸的問題也隨之凸顯，一旦國家助學(xué)貸款的推行受到阻礙，將會直接關(guān)系到我國的貧困學(xué)生能否繼續(xù)完成學(xué)業(yè)。所以為了保障我國廣大貧困學(xué)生能夠享受接受教育的機會，為了保障我國的助學(xué)貸款政策可以穩(wěn)固的持久的推行，就需要進一步完善此政策在放款和收款環(huán)節(jié)的流程和規(guī)則。 目前我國學(xué)者對我國國家助學(xué)貸款的研究多集中在公共政策領(lǐng)域，以宏觀的角度評價政策施行效果，對社會普遍存在的現(xiàn)象加以闡述和分析，最終提出相應(yīng)對策建議。本文立足國內(nèi)外優(yōu)秀研究成果，總結(jié)研究文獻資料，探究我國國家助學(xué)貸款政策發(fā)展歷史，同時以東北師范大學(xué)國家助學(xué)貸款管理工作為例，通過向在校貧困學(xué)生發(fā)放調(diào)查問卷以及搜集校方近年來政策實施情況數(shù)據(jù)，分析該校國家助學(xué)貸款工作完成效果，找尋其在貸款管理工作中的可鑒方法與缺陷不足，對其中出現(xiàn)的問題加以分析，對其好的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗進行總結(jié)，提出促進政策實行進程增強政策實施效果，防范風(fēng)險解決惜貸的對策及建議，并以小見大，推廣到整個國家助學(xué)貸款政策上，力求促進該政策更有效、強力的實施。國家助學(xué)貸款對于我國貧困學(xué)生受高等教育的機會公平具有重要意義，也是我國科教興國戰(zhàn)略和尊重人才觀念的深化，因此本研究具有完善助學(xué)貸款理論和維護助學(xué)貸款健康發(fā)展理論與實踐的雙重意義。 本篇論文大體分為五部分：第一部分從整體闡述研究的意義與內(nèi)容，對現(xiàn)有的學(xué)術(shù)研究進行羅列和總結(jié)；第二部分詳細(xì)闡述我國國家助學(xué)貸款政策，使讀者更詳盡的了解我國國家助學(xué)貸款體系；第三部分采用案例分析法，將東北師范大學(xué)列為調(diào)研對象，介紹東北師范大學(xué)現(xiàn)有的國家助學(xué)貸款管理機構(gòu)及其工作成果與現(xiàn)狀，總結(jié)東北師范大學(xué)國家助學(xué)貸款管理工作成效；第四部分總結(jié)出制約國家助學(xué)貸款政策發(fā)展的兩大可能“瓶頸”，即風(fēng)險問題與惜貸問題；第五部分通過對風(fēng)險與惜貸這兩大問題的原因及危害分析，借助東北師大國家助學(xué)貸款政策實施經(jīng)驗，從四大方面提出建設(shè)性意見，促進我國國家助學(xué)貸款機制更完善的運行與發(fā)展；第六部分綜觀全文，提煉觀點，升華主旨。國家助學(xué)貸款制度關(guān)系到社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定，通過社會各個主體的共同努力，探索并建立起一套符合中國國情的完善的有效的國家助學(xué)貸款制度，可以使更多貧困大學(xué)生受益，實現(xiàn)“科教興國”的偉大戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。 本文難點在于對東北師范大學(xué)國家助學(xué)貸款政策實施情況調(diào)研問卷的設(shè)計、發(fā)放、回收，問卷所采集數(shù)據(jù)的客觀性、可靠性，以及如何通過對資料、數(shù)據(jù)的分析總結(jié)出該校在國家助學(xué)貸款發(fā)放、貸后管理等環(huán)節(jié)的特色與可借鑒之處，為國家助學(xué)貸款政策提出正確的實施建議。由于以往的研究往往都側(cè)重宏觀公共政策討論，沒有結(jié)合高校自身數(shù)據(jù)以財務(wù)為切入點進行風(fēng)險管控研究，因此這也是本研究的創(chuàng)新之處。
[Abstract]:The national student loan is a kind of outstanding characteristics Chinese loan model, is a kind of financial policy and profitability in one of the new personal finance projects, involving student loans, students' parents, college loans, bank managers, financial and other aspects of the game of national economic interests and social interests, is the financial. One of the important tasks of financial and financial management in the state financial bank.
The national student loan policy in the background of education reform in our country, in order to alleviate the scarcity of educational resources after the reform and guarantee the equal opportunity of education, the people's Bank, the Ministry of finance China, extended to the national Ministry of education in several universities in the range of 8 big city in the national student loan and the first pilot, in the policy of more than ten years China continues to adjust and improve the national student loan policy and system, the family economic difficulties students more and more into the university campus, the successful completion of their studies into the society, provide a strong guarantee for promoting social harmony and stability. But in the rapid development of the national student loan work, there are still some obstacles restricting the country the student loan policy development, crisis like a time bomb bank unwilling to bear the risk of default and the tendency to stop lending lurk, because of the loan management The high cost of the financial risk caused to fear loan credit crunch also highlights the problem, once the implementation of the national student loan has been hampered, will be directly related to the poor students in China can continue to complete their studies. So in order to protect our poor students to enjoy the education opportunities, in order to safeguard our country's student loan policy can stabilize the persistent implementation requires further improvement of the policy in the loan and payment of part of the process and rules.
The current research on national student loans of our country scholars in our country are more concentrated in the field of public policy, from a macro point of view the evaluation effect of policy, widely exists in the social phenomena are described and analyzed, finally puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Based on the domestic and foreign outstanding research results, summarizes the research literature, explore the historical development of the national student the loan policy of our country, at the same time taking Northeast Normal University national student loan management work as an example, through to the poor students questionnaires and collected in the school in recent years the policy implementation of data analysis work, the school of national student loans in the loan for its complete effect, in the management of the reference method and the defects of the problems analysis on the good development experience is summarized, put forward the policy process to enhance the effect of policy implementation, to solve the "prevention of risks The countermeasure and the suggestion, and the loan extended to the whole of the child is father of the man, the national student loan policy, in order to promote the policy more effective and powerful. The implementation of the national student loan fair is of great significance for the poor students in our higher education opportunities, is also China's strategy of rejuvenating the country and respect the concept of talent deepening, so this study has improving the student loan theory and maintenance of theoretical and practical significance to the healthy development of student loans.
This thesis is divided into five parts: the first part introduces the meaning and content of research from the whole of the existing academic research are summarized; the second part elaborated the national student loan policy in China, make readers more detailed understanding of the system of national student loans in our country; the third part adopts the method of case study, the Northeast Normal University will list as the research object, introduces the existing Northeast Normal University national student loan management institutions and their work with the status quo, summarize the Northeast Normal University national student loan management work; the fourth part summarizes two possible "bottleneck" of the development of the national student loan policy, namely the risk and credit crunch problems; the fifth part of the two major issues of risk and the credit crunch the analysis of the causes and hazards, with experience on the implementation of Northeast Normal University and the national student loan policy, put forward from four aspects 寤鴻鎬ф剰瑙

本文編號：1451974