本文關(guān)鍵詞：美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)院的辦學(xué)特色及對(duì)我國(guó)高職院校發(fā)展的啟示　出處：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：近年來，隨著高等教育大眾化的發(fā)展，我國(guó)高等學(xué)校數(shù)量逐年增加，高等職業(yè)院校也取得了歷史性的發(fā)展，逐步從高等教育的邊緣走向中心，從規(guī)模的意義上已形成高等教育的半壁江山。但是，由于文化傳統(tǒng)和教育觀念的影響，特別是由來已久的忽視和鄙視職業(yè)教育的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣的制約，高職院校的發(fā)展步履維艱，出現(xiàn)了很多的問題。如：教學(xué)模式和管理體制不能適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的需求；教育經(jīng)費(fèi)來源不足引起的辦學(xué)條件相對(duì)較差；培養(yǎng)的學(xué)生素質(zhì)不高、就業(yè)狀況不理想；師資力量缺乏和“雙師型”專業(yè)教師數(shù)量不足等。如何有效的解決這些問題是擺在我們面前的重大課題和緊迫任務(wù)。 綜觀世界高職教育發(fā)展概況，美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)院無疑是起步較早，體系比較完善的一種模式。社區(qū)學(xué)院從創(chuàng)建到現(xiàn)在的百年時(shí)間里，憑借其獨(dú)特的辦學(xué)特色成為美國(guó)高等教育系統(tǒng)中不可或缺的重要組成部分，也是美國(guó)教育的一道亮麗的風(fēng)景線。其辦學(xué)特色對(duì)我國(guó)高職院校的發(fā)展無疑具有重要的借鑒意義，值得我們加以思考和分析。 本論文試圖在國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有研究的基礎(chǔ)上，圍繞社區(qū)學(xué)院的辦學(xué)特色，探討其值得借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，最終從這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)，，為我國(guó)高職院校的發(fā)展提出相關(guān)的對(duì)策和建議。 本論文共分四部分。第一部分總結(jié)了美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)院的產(chǎn)生及發(fā)展歷程；第二部分介紹了美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)院的辦學(xué)特色，即辦學(xué)職能多樣、管理體制多元、招生政策開放、辦學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi)來源渠道廣泛、教學(xué)管理方式靈活以及師資隊(duì)伍建設(shè)規(guī)范等，較為系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)了美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)院較為成功的辦學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)；第三部分較為全面地介紹了我國(guó)高等職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題；第四部分結(jié)合我國(guó)高等職業(yè)教育的實(shí)際，較為系統(tǒng)地提出了美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)院的辦學(xué)特色對(duì)我國(guó)高等院校辦學(xué)的有益啟示。主要涉及管理體制、招生和就業(yè)制度、經(jīng)費(fèi)投入、課程設(shè)置以及教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)等方面。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the popularization of higher education, the number of higher education in China has increased year by year, and the higher vocational colleges have also made historical development, gradually from the edge of higher education to the center. In the sense of scale, it has formed half of the higher education. However, due to the influence of cultural tradition and educational concept, especially the long-standing social constraints of ignoring and despising vocational education. The development of higher vocational colleges is very difficult and there are many problems, such as: the teaching mode and management system can not meet the needs of economic construction and social development; The condition of running a school is relatively poor because of insufficient sources of educational funds; The quality of the training students is not high, the employment situation is not ideal; The shortage of teachers and the shortage of "double qualified" professional teachers, etc. How to solve these problems effectively is an important task and urgent task in front of us. Looking at the development of higher vocational education in the world, there is no doubt that the American community college is a kind of model that started earlier and has a perfect system. With its unique characteristics of running a school, it has become an indispensable part of the American higher education system. It is also a beautiful landscape of American education, and its characteristics of running a school are undoubtedly of great significance to the development of higher vocational colleges in our country, and are worthy of our consideration and analysis. On the basis of the existing research in China, this paper attempts to discuss the experience of community colleges based on the characteristics of running a school, and finally start from these experiences. Put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions for the development of higher vocational colleges in our country. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part summarizes the emergence and development of American community colleges. The second part introduces the characteristics of American community colleges, that is, the function of running a school is diverse, the management system is diverse, the enrollment policy is open, and the sources of funding are wide. Flexible teaching management and the construction of teachers standard, more systematic summary of the more successful experience of the United States community colleges; The third part introduces the current situation and existing problems of higher vocational education in China. Combined with the reality of higher vocational education in China, the 4th part systematically puts forward the beneficial enlightenment of the running characteristics of American community colleges to the running of colleges and universities in our country, mainly involving the management system, enrollment and employment system. Investment in funds, curriculum and the construction of teachers and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G649.712

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