發(fā)布時間：2019-04-01 13:54

【摘要】： 書院是中國封建社會一種獨特的文化機構(gòu)，它介于官學(xué)和私學(xué)之間，集藏書、校書、讀書、治學(xué)于一體。在中國悠久的教育史上，起到了補充官學(xué)，傳承文明，傳播思想文化的重要作用。雖然作為一種傳統(tǒng)的辦學(xué)方式，書院已隨著歷史的流逝而成為過去，但其內(nèi)在的文化特點卻是中國文人階層讀書治學(xué)、聚徒講學(xué)、傳播文化思想的場所，體現(xiàn)的是中國文人的品位和追求，使得書院建筑打上了文人建筑的印記，成為有別于官式建筑和民間建筑的另一類型傳統(tǒng)建筑。書院建筑是書院文化的物化載體，具有教學(xué)、祭祀、藏書“三大事業(yè)”的完整規(guī)制，平面布局有強烈的“禮制”特征，并在選址和風(fēng)景環(huán)境的經(jīng)營中追求“天人合一”的理想境界。 山西書院建筑文化是三晉文化的重要組成部分，它與山西社會、經(jīng)濟、文化的發(fā)展息息相關(guān)，具有鮮明的地域特點。本文在中國古代文教背景下，探討了山西書院的緣起、發(fā)展和流變，并以現(xiàn)存實例為基礎(chǔ)，按存在形式將山西書院建筑分為官辦書院和家族書院兩大類型，著重從地域性入手，詳述了山西書院在擇址、功能布局、建筑風(fēng)格及裝飾藝術(shù)等方面的特征，對其的深刻內(nèi)涵作進一步的分析研究。 研究結(jié)果表明，山西書院初建于唐代，興起于元明時期，并于清代達到鼎盛，清代后期逐漸沒落直至消亡；在選址與環(huán)境布局上，分為擇勝而處的選址與情景交融的環(huán)境布局、置于園林之間，，創(chuàng)造詩意的環(huán)境布局與置于城郊，環(huán)境布局以人工為主三種方式，深刻地體現(xiàn)出了書院這一文人建筑的特點；官辦書院和家族書院，二者既有相似之處又有區(qū)別，總體來講官辦書院受官學(xué)影響較大，與府學(xué)、縣學(xué)類似，講究森嚴等級和莊重形制，故較為模式化。家族書院則更多的與當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)民居相結(jié)合，體現(xiàn)出地域特點和民俗風(fēng)格，同時二者在祭祀方式上存在明顯差異：官辦書院主要祭祀孔子和名賢先圣，家族書院則是祭祀祖先為主。在建筑風(fēng)格和裝飾藝術(shù)上，山西書院建筑表現(xiàn)為樸實典雅、尺度宜人，受山西民俗和地域風(fēng)格影響的特征。 作為全國書院建筑體系的一個分支，山西書院建筑既反映了其共性特點，同時又表現(xiàn)出鮮明的地域特色和獨特的文化內(nèi)涵，具有很高的研究價值。從山西書院建筑文化中，我們可以探尋山西建筑的空間組成方式和美學(xué)意匠，在當(dāng)今世界普遍關(guān)注文化個性的背景下，在建筑學(xué)界普遍呼吁“新地域風(fēng)格”的前提下，山西書院建筑文化更加彰顯其價值所在。
[Abstract]:College is a unique cultural institution of feudal society in China. It is between official and private schools. It is a collection of books, studies, and studies in one. In China's long history of education, it has played an important role in complementing official studies, inheriting civilization and spreading ideology and culture. Although as a traditional way of running a school, the academy has become the past with the passage of history, but its inherent cultural characteristics are the places where the Chinese literati are studying and studying, gathering disciples to teach, and spreading cultural thoughts. It embodies the taste and pursuit of Chinese literati, which makes the classical architecture become another kind of traditional architecture, which is different from official architecture and folk architecture. The academy architecture is the materialized carrier of the academy culture, it has the complete regulation of teaching, sacrifice and collection of "three major undertakings", and the plane layout has the strong "etiquette system" characteristic. And pursue the ideal realm of "the unity of nature and man" in the management of site selection and landscape environment. The architectural culture of Shanxi Academy is an important part of the culture of the three Jin dynasties. It is closely related to the development of society, economy and culture in Shanxi and has distinct regional characteristics. Under the background of ancient Chinese culture and education, this paper discusses the origin, development and evolution of Shanxi Academy of Learning. Based on the existing examples, the architecture of Shanxi Academy is divided into two types according to the existing form, namely, official College and Family Academy, with emphasis on the regional nature. This paper describes the characteristics of Shanxi Academy of higher Learning in the aspects of location selection, functional layout, architectural style and decorative art, and makes further analysis and research on its profound connotation. The results show that Shanxi Academy was built in the Tang Dynasty, rose in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, and gradually declined and died out in the late Qing Dynasty. In terms of location selection and environment layout, it is divided into three kinds of environment layout, that is, site selection and situation blending, placed between gardens, creation of poetic environment layout and peri-urban layout, and environment layout mainly based on man-made environment, and the environment layout is divided into three ways, that is, location selection and environment layout. Deeply reflected the characteristics of the academy of literati architecture; The official-run academy and the family academy have both similarities and differences. Generally speaking, the official-run academies are influenced by the official studies, similar to the government schools and county schools, and pay attention to the strict hierarchy and the solemn form system, so they are more stylized. The family academy is more combined with the local traditional dwellings, reflecting the regional characteristics and folk customs style, at the same time, there are obvious differences in the way of sacrifice: the official-run academy mainly sacrifices Confucius and famous sages before saints. The family academy is mainly to sacrifice ancestors. In architectural style and decorative art, Shanxi Academy architecture is simple and elegant, pleasant scale, influenced by Shanxi folk custom and regional style. As a branch of the national academy architecture system, Shanxi Academy architecture not only reflects its common characteristics, but also shows distinct regional characteristics and unique cultural connotation, which has a high research value. From the architectural culture of Shanxi Academy of higher Learning, we can explore the way of space composition and aesthetic craftsmen of Shanxi architecture. Under the background of universal attention to cultural individuality in the world today, and under the premise of the universal appeal for "new regional style" in the field of architecture, The architectural culture of Shanxi Academy of higher Learning shows its value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：TU244;TU-86

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本文編號：2451609