本文選題：義務教育 + 就近入學�。� 參考：《華東師范大學》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 隨著我國社會的發(fā)展和教育的轉型，義務教育已經(jīng)被定位為社會的公益性事業(yè)。這一新的定位需要相應的政策體系保障，就近入學政策就是這一體系中的重要組成部分，具有積極的政策價值。作為保障公民均等受教育機會的基本措施，就近入學政策關系到群眾直接和現(xiàn)實的利益問題，然而近年來這一政策的實施卻受到普遍的質疑和反對，個中緣由何在?就近入學政策要如何調整才能適應社會發(fā)展的新目標和義務教育的新定位，更好地體現(xiàn)和保障義務教育的公益性特點?在我國大力推行就近入學政策的同時，國外許多國家卻紛紛放松這一政策，轉而推行形式各異的擇校政策，允許甚至鼓勵家長的擇校行為。相比之下，我國目前強調在義務教育階段實施就近入學政策是否是一股逆流?二者政策基礎是否相同?我國是否應該仿效國外的做法?近年來，政策科學的研究取得了長足的發(fā)展，這為政策制定、實施和評價的科學性提供了保障，也為我們研究現(xiàn)有政策提供了新的視角和方法論。對于就近入學政策來講，如何吸收政策科學研究的先進成果，豐富和完善自身的政策流程?對這些問題思考是本文研究的起點。為此，，本文從政策學的視角出發(fā)，通過考察國內外就近入學政策的歷史沿革和實施狀況，分析其政策價值，通過對當前我國“就近入學”政策的實施現(xiàn)狀的問卷調查和訪談，分析這一政策實施中的問題及原因，提出相應的政策建議，旨在促進我國的義務教育政策的不斷完善，使其更好地體現(xiàn)義務教育的公共性和公益性。 論文主要包括七個部分： 第一部分主要闡述本文研究的背景、研究目的和意義，界定相關的概念，對已有的研究進行回顧，說明論文的基本內容和結構。 第二部分主要是比較分析、歷史分析與價值分析。通過對國外就近入學政策的實施狀況、我國就近入學政策思想淵源和新中國成立以后就近入學政策的基本發(fā)展軌跡的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)就近入學政策是國內外義務教育階段推行的一項基本政策，盡管近年來一些國家出臺了一些擇校政策，但這些政策仍然是基于就近入學政策基礎上的改革措施，并沒有從根本上改變就近入學的政策地位。這一政策具有積極的政策價值。 第三部分是對當前我國就近入學政策實施狀況的調查分析。在對上海、山東、江蘇、浙江、河南、重慶等地2203名家長和50名校長問卷調查的基礎上，筆者用Windows系統(tǒng)下SPSS軟件進行了結果統(tǒng)計分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國義務教育階段中小學生在總體上(73.46％)實現(xiàn)了就近入學，但這一政策仍存在諸多問題，需要進一步加以完善。就近入學政策自身的缺陷、資源配置的不公及社會環(huán)境的影響是問題形成的主要原因。 第四部分與第五部分是在前文調查研究的基礎上，對就近入學政策自身的缺陷、資源配置的不公和社會環(huán)境的影響等問題以及與就近入學政策密切相關的擇校問題、流動人口子女的教育問題及其原因進行了深入的分析。 第六部分是思考與建議。認為至少應從三個方面著手完善現(xiàn)有的就近入學政策：一是政策思想角度，應恰當進行政策思想定位調整；二是政策運行環(huán)境角度，應改善就近入學政策的實施環(huán)境，促進義務教育的均衡協(xié)調發(fā)展；三是政策自身，應完善就近入學政策的內容與流程，保障政策的有效運行。 第七部分是對前文研究的總結。通過對就近入學政策的考察，本文認為教育政策往往是各種利益博弈的結果，同時教育政策本身的能力也是有限的，而且我們還應關注政策的“跨域效應”。
[Abstract]:With the development of our society and the transformation of education, compulsory education has been defined as the public welfare undertakings of the society. This new position needs the corresponding policy system guarantee. The policy of near enrolment is an important part of this system, and has a positive policy value. As the basic measure to ensure equal opportunities for citizens to receive education, In recent years, the policy has been widely questioned and opposed. What is the reason why the policy should be adjusted to adapt to the new goal of social development and the new orientation of compulsory education, and better reflect and guarantee the public welfare of compulsory education. Characteristics? While our country has vigorously pursued the policy of approaching entrance to school, many foreign countries have loosened this policy and carried out different forms of school choice policies to allow or even encourage parents to choose school behavior. In contrast, China emphasizes that the policy of implementing the near admission policy in the compulsory education stage is a countercurrent? The two party policy basis Is it the same? Should our country imitate the practice of foreign countries? In recent years, the research of policy science has made great progress. This provides a guarantee for the scientific nature of policy making, implementation and evaluation. It also provides a new perspective and methodology for the study of existing policies. It is the starting point for this paper to think about these problems. From the perspective of policy science, this paper analyzes the historical evolution and implementation of the policy of near enrolment at home and abroad, analyzes its policy value, and through a questionnaire on the status quo of the implementation of the "near enrolment" policy in the former China Survey and interview, analyze the problems and reasons in the implementation of this policy, and put forward relevant policy suggestions to promote the continuous improvement of China's compulsory education policy, so that it can better reflect the public and public welfare of compulsory education.
This paper mainly includes seven parts:
The first part mainly expounds the background of the study, the purpose and significance of the study, the definition of the relevant concepts, the review of the existing research, and the basic content and structure of the paper.
The second part is the comparative analysis, the historical analysis and the value analysis. Through the analysis of the status of the policy on the near enrolment in foreign countries, the origin of the policy of near enrolment in China and the basic development track of the policy on the near entrance after the founding of the new China, it is found that the policy of near enrolment is a basic policy in compulsory education at home and abroad. Although some countries have introduced some school choice policies in recent years, these policies are still based on the reform measures based on the policy of near enrolment, and have not fundamentally changed the policy status of the near enrolment. This policy has a positive policy value.
The third part is the investigation and analysis of the current status of the implementation of the policy on the close enrollment in China. On the basis of the questionnaire survey of 2203 parents and 50 principals in Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Chongqing and other places, the author uses the Windows SPSS software to analyze the results, and finds that the primary and middle school students in the compulsory education stage of our country are on the whole ( 73.46%) the implementation of the near enrolment, but this policy still has many problems and needs to be further improved. The main reasons for the formation of the problem are the defects of the policy of the near enrolment, the unfairness of the allocation of resources and the influence of the social environment.
The fourth part and the fifth part are on the basis of the previous investigation and research, the problems of the policy itself, the unfairness of the resource allocation and the influence of the social environment, as well as the problem of school choosing closely related to the policy of near enrolment, the education of the children of the floating population and its reasons.
The sixth part is thinking and suggestions. It is considered that at least three aspects should be taken to improve the current policy of admission to school. One is that the policy ideology should be adjusted properly, and the two is to improve the implementation environment of the policy in the near Enrolment Policy and promote the balanced and coordinated development of compulsory education; three is the policy. We should improve the content and process of the nearest admission policy and ensure the effective operation of the policy.
The seventh part is a summary of the previous study. Through the investigation of the policy on the near enrolment, this paper holds that the educational policy is often the result of the game of various interests, and the ability of the education policy itself is limited, and we should also pay attention to the "cross domain effect" of the policy.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：G522.3

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本文編號：1909245