本文選題：義務(wù)教育 + 就近入學(xué)　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)的發(fā)展和教育的轉(zhuǎn)型，義務(wù)教育已經(jīng)被定位為社會(huì)的公益性事業(yè)。這一新的定位需要相應(yīng)的政策體系保障，就近入學(xué)政策就是這一體系中的重要組成部分，具有積極的政策價(jià)值。作為保障公民均等受教育機(jī)會(huì)的基本措施，就近入學(xué)政策關(guān)系到群眾直接和現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問(wèn)題，然而近年來(lái)這一政策的實(shí)施卻受到普遍的質(zhì)疑和反對(duì)，個(gè)中緣由何在?就近入學(xué)政策要如何調(diào)整才能適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展的新目標(biāo)和義務(wù)教育的新定位，更好地體現(xiàn)和保障義務(wù)教育的公益性特點(diǎn)?在我國(guó)大力推行就近入學(xué)政策的同時(shí)，國(guó)外許多國(guó)家卻紛紛放松這一政策，轉(zhuǎn)而推行形式各異的擇校政策，允許甚至鼓勵(lì)家長(zhǎng)的擇校行為。相比之下，我國(guó)目前強(qiáng)調(diào)在義務(wù)教育階段實(shí)施就近入學(xué)政策是否是一股逆流?二者政策基礎(chǔ)是否相同?我國(guó)是否應(yīng)該仿效國(guó)外的做法?近年來(lái)，政策科學(xué)的研究取得了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展，這為政策制定、實(shí)施和評(píng)價(jià)的科學(xué)性提供了保障，也為我們研究現(xiàn)有政策提供了新的視角和方法論。對(duì)于就近入學(xué)政策來(lái)講，如何吸收政策科學(xué)研究的先進(jìn)成果，豐富和完善自身的政策流程?對(duì)這些問(wèn)題思考是本文研究的起點(diǎn)。為此，，本文從政策學(xué)的視角出發(fā)，通過(guò)考察國(guó)內(nèi)外就近入學(xué)政策的歷史沿革和實(shí)施狀況，分析其政策價(jià)值，通過(guò)對(duì)當(dāng)前我國(guó)“就近入學(xué)”政策的實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和訪談，分析這一政策實(shí)施中的問(wèn)題及原因，提出相應(yīng)的政策建議，旨在促進(jìn)我國(guó)的義務(wù)教育政策的不斷完善，使其更好地體現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育的公共性和公益性。 論文主要包括七個(gè)部分： 第一部分主要闡述本文研究的背景、研究目的和意義，界定相關(guān)的概念，對(duì)已有的研究進(jìn)行回顧，說(shuō)明論文的基本內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二部分主要是比較分析、歷史分析與價(jià)值分析。通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)外就近入學(xué)政策的實(shí)施狀況、我國(guó)就近入學(xué)政策思想淵源和新中國(guó)成立以后就近入學(xué)政策的基本發(fā)展軌跡的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)就近入學(xué)政策是國(guó)內(nèi)外義務(wù)教育階段推行的一項(xiàng)基本政策，盡管近年來(lái)一些國(guó)家出臺(tái)了一些擇校政策，但這些政策仍然是基于就近入學(xué)政策基礎(chǔ)上的改革措施，并沒(méi)有從根本上改變就近入學(xué)的政策地位。這一政策具有積極的政策價(jià)值。 第三部分是對(duì)當(dāng)前我國(guó)就近入學(xué)政策實(shí)施狀況的調(diào)查分析。在對(duì)上海、山東、江蘇、浙江、河南、重慶等地2203名家長(zhǎng)和50名校長(zhǎng)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，筆者用Windows系統(tǒng)下SPSS軟件進(jìn)行了結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)義務(wù)教育階段中小學(xué)生在總體上(73.46％)實(shí)現(xiàn)了就近入學(xué)，但這一政策仍存在諸多問(wèn)題，需要進(jìn)一步加以完善。就近入學(xué)政策自身的缺陷、資源配置的不公及社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響是問(wèn)題形成的主要原因。 第四部分與第五部分是在前文調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)就近入學(xué)政策自身的缺陷、資源配置的不公和社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響等問(wèn)題以及與就近入學(xué)政策密切相關(guān)的擇校問(wèn)題、流動(dòng)人口子女的教育問(wèn)題及其原因進(jìn)行了深入的分析。 第六部分是思考與建議。認(rèn)為至少應(yīng)從三個(gè)方面著手完善現(xiàn)有的就近入學(xué)政策：一是政策思想角度，應(yīng)恰當(dāng)進(jìn)行政策思想定位調(diào)整；二是政策運(yùn)行環(huán)境角度，應(yīng)改善就近入學(xué)政策的實(shí)施環(huán)境，促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育的均衡協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展；三是政策自身，應(yīng)完善就近入學(xué)政策的內(nèi)容與流程，保障政策的有效運(yùn)行。 第七部分是對(duì)前文研究的總結(jié)。通過(guò)對(duì)就近入學(xué)政策的考察，本文認(rèn)為教育政策往往是各種利益博弈的結(jié)果，同時(shí)教育政策本身的能力也是有限的，而且我們還應(yīng)關(guān)注政策的“跨域效應(yīng)”。
[Abstract]:With the development of our society and the transformation of education, compulsory education has been defined as the public welfare undertakings of the society. This new position needs the corresponding policy system guarantee. The policy of near enrolment is an important part of this system, and has a positive policy value. As the basic measure to ensure equal opportunities for citizens to receive education, In recent years, the policy has been widely questioned and opposed. What is the reason why the policy should be adjusted to adapt to the new goal of social development and the new orientation of compulsory education, and better reflect and guarantee the public welfare of compulsory education. Characteristics? While our country has vigorously pursued the policy of approaching entrance to school, many foreign countries have loosened this policy and carried out different forms of school choice policies to allow or even encourage parents to choose school behavior. In contrast, China emphasizes that the policy of implementing the near admission policy in the compulsory education stage is a countercurrent? The two party policy basis Is it the same? Should our country imitate the practice of foreign countries? In recent years, the research of policy science has made great progress. This provides a guarantee for the scientific nature of policy making, implementation and evaluation. It also provides a new perspective and methodology for the study of existing policies. It is the starting point for this paper to think about these problems. From the perspective of policy science, this paper analyzes the historical evolution and implementation of the policy of near enrolment at home and abroad, analyzes its policy value, and through a questionnaire on the status quo of the implementation of the "near enrolment" policy in the former China Survey and interview, analyze the problems and reasons in the implementation of this policy, and put forward relevant policy suggestions to promote the continuous improvement of China's compulsory education policy, so that it can better reflect the public and public welfare of compulsory education.
This paper mainly includes seven parts:
The first part mainly expounds the background of the study, the purpose and significance of the study, the definition of the relevant concepts, the review of the existing research, and the basic content and structure of the paper.
The second part is the comparative analysis, the historical analysis and the value analysis. Through the analysis of the status of the policy on the near enrolment in foreign countries, the origin of the policy of near enrolment in China and the basic development track of the policy on the near entrance after the founding of the new China, it is found that the policy of near enrolment is a basic policy in compulsory education at home and abroad. Although some countries have introduced some school choice policies in recent years, these policies are still based on the reform measures based on the policy of near enrolment, and have not fundamentally changed the policy status of the near enrolment. This policy has a positive policy value.
The third part is the investigation and analysis of the current status of the implementation of the policy on the close enrollment in China. On the basis of the questionnaire survey of 2203 parents and 50 principals in Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Chongqing and other places, the author uses the Windows SPSS software to analyze the results, and finds that the primary and middle school students in the compulsory education stage of our country are on the whole ( 73.46%) the implementation of the near enrolment, but this policy still has many problems and needs to be further improved. The main reasons for the formation of the problem are the defects of the policy of the near enrolment, the unfairness of the allocation of resources and the influence of the social environment.
The fourth part and the fifth part are on the basis of the previous investigation and research, the problems of the policy itself, the unfairness of the resource allocation and the influence of the social environment, as well as the problem of school choosing closely related to the policy of near enrolment, the education of the children of the floating population and its reasons.
The sixth part is thinking and suggestions. It is considered that at least three aspects should be taken to improve the current policy of admission to school. One is that the policy ideology should be adjusted properly, and the two is to improve the implementation environment of the policy in the near Enrolment Policy and promote the balanced and coordinated development of compulsory education; three is the policy. We should improve the content and process of the nearest admission policy and ensure the effective operation of the policy.
The seventh part is a summary of the previous study. Through the investigation of the policy on the near enrolment, this paper holds that the educational policy is often the result of the game of various interests, and the ability of the education policy itself is limited, and we should also pay attention to the "cross domain effect" of the policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：G522.3

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本文編號(hào)：1909245