民初山西《通俗國文教科書》之研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-20 11:34
【摘要】：“過去沒有死去,而是就活在現(xiàn)實之中”1。英國現(xiàn)代著名史學家柯林武德的一句話讓我們置身于時代的長河中去審視過去,過去所有被我們稱之為歷史的東西,都對于現(xiàn)實有著深遠的意義。而要真正了解蔓延在現(xiàn)實之中、又不斷與現(xiàn)實相互連接著的歷史,我們就必須帶著對歷史的敬重與對現(xiàn)實的關懷走進其中,尋找與糟粕并行又被后人念念不忘的精華。 歷史的車輪滾滾前行,卻總留下一些極為相似的印記。與現(xiàn)在的教育改革風起云涌的情形極為相近,早在上個世紀二三十年代,教育界就曾經(jīng)歷過一場浩浩蕩蕩的大變化,經(jīng)過這場大變革的洗禮,學堂中讀書的朗朗聲中再聽不到晦澀難懂的之乎者也,街道上處處可見的廣告牌再也看不到形狀復雜的字跡,這場文化上與教育上的大變革,改變了幾代人的生活。當時的社會各界人士都積極投身其中,令人訝異的是,窮兵黷武的軍閥們也為教育事業(yè)的變革而樂此不疲。在眾多的軍閥中,“山西王”閻錫山以他卓越的教育成就與褒貶不一的政治評價走入人們的視線中。著名的人民教育家陶行知與著名教育家胡適先生都曾對于閻錫山的教育貢獻贊不絕口。他以國民教育作為全省教育發(fā)展的根基,在此基礎上發(fā)展職業(yè)教育謀求社會發(fā)展的生計,發(fā)展社會教育用以感化民眾,并將他獨特的教育思想融入到教科書之中。 《通俗國文教科書》是在閻錫山的倡導下,由山西省教科書審編委員會編寫并出版發(fā)行的,曾發(fā)行幾百萬套廣泛使用于山西各縣區(qū),為通俗國文的推行與民眾意識的開化起了非常大的引導作用,同時其中所涉及的極為綜合化的內(nèi)容與重商、重工的思想為人民尋得了廣泛的職業(yè)選擇。在那個動蕩的年代,在遙遠又閉塞的山西,閻錫山為孩子提供了幾十萬張“安靜的書桌”,讓他們在朗朗的讀書聲中隨著通俗國語的推行而走入一個新的世界。 本論文采取重點深入研究的思路,堅守“研究教科書必須見到書”的原則,試圖隨著特定的課本走入歷史長河之中,分析它在那個歷史環(huán)境之中所扮演的角色,并將其特點與政治統(tǒng)治者的教育思想相結合。論文分三章進行展開： 第一章對于閻錫山重教的原因進行系統(tǒng)的總結,從中摸索其教育動機與教育思想與《通俗國文教科書》關聯(lián)；第二章從指導思想、具體內(nèi)容、組織形式等方面對于這套教科書進行詳細的分析介紹；第三章對閻錫山進行總體評價并對教科書的可資借鑒的經(jīng)驗進行總結。
[Abstract]:The past did not die, but lived in reality. The words of British modern historian Colin Wuld put us in the long river of the times to examine the past. All the things we call history in the past have far-reaching significance to the reality. In order to truly understand the history which spreads in reality and is constantly connected with reality, we must go into it with respect for history and concern for reality, and look for the essence which parallels with dross and is remembered by future generations. The wheels of history roll, but always leave some very similar imprint. The situation is very similar to that of the current education reform. As early as the 1920s and 1930s, the education sector experienced a tremendous change, after the baptism of this great change. The sounds of reading in school can no longer be heard obscure, the streets everywhere billboards can no longer see complex handwriting, this cultural and educational transformation, has changed the lives of generations. At that time, people from all walks of life were actively involved, and surprisingly, militaristic warlords enjoyed the transformation of education. Among the many warlords, "Shanxi King" Yan Xishan, with his outstanding educational achievements and different political evaluation, came to the attention of people. Tao Xingzhi, a famous people's educator, and Hu Shi, a famous educator, have been full of praise for Yan Xishan's contribution to education. He took the national education as the foundation of the education development of the whole province. On this basis, he developed the vocational education to seek the livelihood of the social development, developed the social education to influence the people, and incorporated his unique educational thought into the textbooks. The popular Chinese textbook was compiled and published by the textbook Review and Editing Committee of Shanxi Province at the initiative of Yan Xishan, and millions of sets of textbooks were widely used in all counties and districts of Shanxi. It plays a very important role in guiding the implementation of popular Chinese and the enlightenment of popular consciousness, and at the same time, it involves extremely comprehensive contents and important business, so the thought of heavy industry can find a wide range of career choices for the people. In those turbulent times, in the remote and closed Shanxi Province, Yan Xishan provided hundreds of thousands of "quiet desks" to children, allowing them to enter a new world with the promotion of popular Mandarin in the sound of reading. This thesis takes the thought of the key and in-depth research, adheres to the principle of "the study textbook must see the book", and tries to analyze the role it plays in that historical environment with the specific textbook going into the long history. And will its characteristics and political rulers of the educational thought combined. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is a systematic summary of the causes of Yan Xishan's emphasis on education, from which to explore the relationship between his educational motivation and educational thought and the popular Chinese textbook; The second chapter makes a detailed analysis and introduction of the textbook from the aspects of guiding ideology, concrete content, organization form and so on; the third chapter gives a general evaluation to Yan Xishan and summarizes the experience of the textbook that can be used for reference.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G529
本文編號：2387940
[Abstract]:The past did not die, but lived in reality. The words of British modern historian Colin Wuld put us in the long river of the times to examine the past. All the things we call history in the past have far-reaching significance to the reality. In order to truly understand the history which spreads in reality and is constantly connected with reality, we must go into it with respect for history and concern for reality, and look for the essence which parallels with dross and is remembered by future generations. The wheels of history roll, but always leave some very similar imprint. The situation is very similar to that of the current education reform. As early as the 1920s and 1930s, the education sector experienced a tremendous change, after the baptism of this great change. The sounds of reading in school can no longer be heard obscure, the streets everywhere billboards can no longer see complex handwriting, this cultural and educational transformation, has changed the lives of generations. At that time, people from all walks of life were actively involved, and surprisingly, militaristic warlords enjoyed the transformation of education. Among the many warlords, "Shanxi King" Yan Xishan, with his outstanding educational achievements and different political evaluation, came to the attention of people. Tao Xingzhi, a famous people's educator, and Hu Shi, a famous educator, have been full of praise for Yan Xishan's contribution to education. He took the national education as the foundation of the education development of the whole province. On this basis, he developed the vocational education to seek the livelihood of the social development, developed the social education to influence the people, and incorporated his unique educational thought into the textbooks. The popular Chinese textbook was compiled and published by the textbook Review and Editing Committee of Shanxi Province at the initiative of Yan Xishan, and millions of sets of textbooks were widely used in all counties and districts of Shanxi. It plays a very important role in guiding the implementation of popular Chinese and the enlightenment of popular consciousness, and at the same time, it involves extremely comprehensive contents and important business, so the thought of heavy industry can find a wide range of career choices for the people. In those turbulent times, in the remote and closed Shanxi Province, Yan Xishan provided hundreds of thousands of "quiet desks" to children, allowing them to enter a new world with the promotion of popular Mandarin in the sound of reading. This thesis takes the thought of the key and in-depth research, adheres to the principle of "the study textbook must see the book", and tries to analyze the role it plays in that historical environment with the specific textbook going into the long history. And will its characteristics and political rulers of the educational thought combined. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is a systematic summary of the causes of Yan Xishan's emphasis on education, from which to explore the relationship between his educational motivation and educational thought and the popular Chinese textbook; The second chapter makes a detailed analysis and introduction of the textbook from the aspects of guiding ideology, concrete content, organization form and so on; the third chapter gives a general evaluation to Yan Xishan and summarizes the experience of the textbook that can be used for reference.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G529
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