本文選題：教育均衡　切入點：義務教育　出處：《安徽大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會主義市場經濟體制的推進,我國的經濟取得了一個舉世矚目的飛躍發(fā)展,由“生存型”社會轉型為“發(fā)展型”社會,人們的幸福指數(shù)則到了更高的水平,為此伴隨而來的則是居民對公共服務產品的需求有了更高的增長公共服務不到位,不均等的矛盾現(xiàn)象,其中突出表現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)、地區(qū)間、群體非均衡發(fā)展導致發(fā)展差距過大。教育、醫(yī)療等基本公共服務均等化成為人們日益關注的熱點問題。同時隨著我國綜合國力的增強,財政收入規(guī)模的迅速擴大,這也為實現(xiàn)政府基本公共服務均等化提供了物質保障和現(xiàn)實的可行性。為此,實現(xiàn)基本公共服務均等化,完善政府公共管理職能,提高政府公共服務形象,則成為我國當下政府體制改革的首要目標。 本文以安徽省W縣為例,依據該縣在推進義務教育標準化學校建設前后情況的發(fā)展,縮小城鄉(xiāng)義務教育差距等問題進行闡述。我國于1986頒布了《義務教育法》,明確了實行九年義務教育的基本方針。但由于經濟發(fā)展緩慢尤其我國農村經濟發(fā)展更為滯后,農村九年義務教育階段的輟學現(xiàn)象較為普遍。自2006年始,我國有步驟地在全國范圍內逐步進行義務教育經費保障機制改革,義務教育經費納入了國家財政保障范圍,這從根本上實現(xiàn)了免費的義務教育,徹底解決了城鄉(xiāng)中小學生“有學上”的問題,九年義務教育才從根本上得以全面的實現(xiàn)。但是,由于城鄉(xiāng)二元經濟結構的存在,義務教育在城鄉(xiāng)之間的發(fā)展還存在明顯的差距,城鄉(xiāng)義務教育不均衡化的矛盾愈加的突出,人們的教育權益呈現(xiàn)著不公平性,在現(xiàn)有的國情下,資源的絕對平等的分配是無法實現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實,但資源的相對均衡的分配,盡力提升農村地區(qū)的辦學水平則是現(xiàn)實可能的途徑。2010年7月,黨中央、國務院召開了新世紀第一次全國教育工作會議,頒布了《國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要(2010-2020)》,明確提出：“教育公平的關鍵是機會公平,基本要求是保障公民依法享有受教育的權利,重點是促進義務教育均衡發(fā)展和扶持困難群眾,根本措施是合理配置教育資源�！鄙钊胪七M義務教育均衡發(fā)展,大力提升農村學校和薄弱學校的辦學水平,全面提高義務教育的質量,在基本解決適齡兒童少年“有學上”的問題后逐步解決義務教育資源配置不均問題,以實現(xiàn)人們“上好學”的訴求。該《綱要》頒布則從政策上給出了我國推動義務教育均衡發(fā)展的時間表,這對于推動農村經濟發(fā)展,構建社會主義和諧社會,促進教育公平、推動教育事業(yè)科學發(fā)展以及強化政府公共服務職能具有重大的現(xiàn)實和深遠的意義。城鄉(xiāng)義務教育統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展,均衡合理配置教師、教學儀器、圖書、校舍等資源,辦好每一所學校,解決每一個孩子“上好學”的問題是當前推進義務教育辦學標準化建設,促進義務教育均衡發(fā)展的指導思想。縱觀W縣農村義務教育均衡發(fā)展、實現(xiàn)教育公平進程出現(xiàn)的問題主要表現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)校際差距的問題、城鄉(xiāng)中小學師資隊伍建設與統(tǒng)籌問題、農村義務教育財政投入不足問題這三個方面,究其誘因則體現(xiàn)在政府政策的傾向、城鄉(xiāng)二元經濟發(fā)展結構、財政投入、社會文化價值觀念在農村中小學的輕視,導致農村學校在資源配置、經費收支、社會的認可度方面都城市學校相距甚大。而解決這些制約農村義務教育均衡發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)教育公平發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實問題,必須從加強政府職責,促進農村經濟,統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)教育資源,加強農村師資建設,制定有利于農村義務教育發(fā)展的政策著手。筆者通過對義務教育均衡發(fā)展理論的探討以及對W縣農村義務教育發(fā)展情狀分析,初步地從經濟、政策、社會等方面入手,探索以發(fā)展農村經濟、強化政府基本公共服務責任、制定科學的財政制度、合理配置教育資源、加強師資隊伍建設等為途徑的基本對策,以期能夠進一步促進農村義務教育均衡發(fā)展,縮小城鄉(xiāng)義務教育差距,全面提高義務教育質量,使農村義務教育均衡發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)良好態(tài)勢,最終實現(xiàn)教育公平。
[Abstract]:With the development of the socialist market economy, China's economy has achieved a remarkable leap in the development of the transformation from "survival" to "social development" of society, people's happiness index to a higher level, the attendant is the demand for public service of a product more public services are not in place, contradiction does not equal, especially in urban and rural areas, between groups of non balanced development led to the development of education. The gap is too large, equal access to basic public services such as health care has become a hot issue. At the same time as China's overall national strength, the rapid expansion of the scale of fiscal income, which also provides a feasible and practical for material guarantee equal access to basic public services of the government. Therefore, to achieve the equalization of basic public services, improve the government's public management functions, improve the government The image of the government's public service has become the primary goal of the reform of the current government system in China.
This paper takes W County in Anhui Province as an example, on the basis of the development of compulsory education in the county before and after the construction of standardized school situation, problems of narrowing the gap between urban and rural compulsory education and so on. China promulgated the "Compulsory Education Law > in 1986, clear the basic principles of implementing the compulsory education of nine years. But due to the slow economic development in particular China's rural economic development is lagging behind, the phenomenon of rural school nine year compulsory education is more common. Since the beginning of 2006, China steps in the nationwide reform of funding mechanism for compulsory education, compulsory education into the scope of protection of national finance, the implementation of the free compulsory education fundamentally and thoroughly to solve the urban and rural primary and middle school students" school "problems, nine years of compulsory education is fundamentally fully realized. However, due to the economic structure of two yuan in urban and rural areas, compulsory education in the city There is still a significant gap between the development of rural, urban and rural compulsory education is not balanced contradiction of the increasingly prominent, people's education rights has the unfairness in the existing conditions, resource allocation is not absolute equality of reality, but a relatively balanced distribution of resources, to improve the rural area school the level of.2010 is the realistic ways possible in July, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council held the first National Conference on education of new century, "promulgated the national long-term education reform and development plan (2010-2020) >, clearly stated:" the key education fair is a fair chance, the basic requirement is to safeguard citizen education right, the focus is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education and support the difficulties of the masses, the fundamental measures of the rational allocation of educational resources. To further promote the balanced development of compulsory education, a large force to promote the rural schools School and weak school level, improve the quality of compulsory education, in school-age children "school" problems gradually solve the resource allocation of compulsory education is to solve the basic problems to realize people "demands on learning". The "outline > issued from the policy gives our country to promote the balanced development of compulsory education schedule, to promote the economic development, building a socialist harmonious society, promote education fairness, promote the scientific development of education and is of great realistic and far-reaching significance of strengthening government public service function. The overall development of urban and rural compulsory education, balanced allocation of teachers, teaching equipment, books, school buildings and other resources to run every school, every child to solve the" good learning "is the current school education standards promote compulsory construction, promote the balanced development of compulsory education guidance Want to. The balanced development of rural compulsory education in W County, implementation process of educational fairness problems mainly in the gap between schools in urban and rural areas, teachers' construction and planning problem of urban and rural schools, lack of financial investment in rural compulsory education in these three aspects, the cause is reflected in the tendency of government policy, structure, development of urban and rural areas two yuan economic and financial investment, social and cultural values in the rural schools of contempt, leading to the school in the allocation of resources, income and expenditure, social recognition the city there is a big school. And solve these constraints the balanced development of compulsory education in rural areas, realize the practical problems of the development of education fairness, must strengthen the responsibility of government. To promote the rural economy, urban and rural educational resources, strengthen the construction of rural teachers, the development is conducive to the development of rural compulsory education policies. The author through the compulsory education are To explore the balance development theory as well as the W county rural compulsory education development situation analysis, primarily from the economic, policy, social and other aspects, to explore the development of rural economy, strengthen the responsibility of basic public service government, establish scientific financial system, the rational allocation of educational resources, strengthen the construction of teachers is the basic countermeasures, in order to to further promote the balanced development of compulsory education in rural areas, narrowing the gap between urban and rural compulsory education, improve the quality of compulsory education, the compulsory education balanced development in rural areas is a good trend, and ultimately achieve educational equity.

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G522.3

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