英國核戰(zhàn)略研究
[Abstract]:Britain is the first country in the world to point out that the development of atomic bombs can be practical and the first decision to make atomic bombs. It is also the third country in the world to have nuclear weapons after the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union. Whether it is the nuclear power operation strategy or the nuclear weapon development strategy, it is also the nuclear power scale layout or the nuclear war. The British nuclear strategy has its own unique characteristics and is unique among medium-sized nuclear powers.
The development of weapons promoted the development of strategic theory. The early British nuclear weapons development had seeded the British nuclear strategy, and made material and theoretical preparations for the formation of the British nuclear strategy.
The formation of the British independent nuclear deterrent policy has its unique international background and strategic consideration. First of all, this is the strategic necessity of the failure of the international control policy of atomic energy; secondly, this is the strategic need to deal with the threat of the Soviet Union; again, this is the strategic consideration of the United States and its "special relationship"; finally, this is the maintenance of Great Britain. The strategic pursuit of the status of the country and the interests of security.
The British nuclear strategy has always been linked with the United States. Because of the decline of national strength and the influence of "special relationship" between the United States and the United States, the British nuclear strategy has been pursuing complete independence and shaking off its dependence on the United States, but ultimately it can not get rid of the fate of the United States to a considerable extent. Thus, the analysis of the British and American nuclear relations as the keynote is 19. 58 years later, the British nuclear strategy can be divided into three stages: from 1958 to 1969, it is the phase of interdependence with the United States; from 1969 to 1991, it is a gradual deepening stage of American dependence; the British nuclear strategy in the post Cold War period is in the stage of adjustment.
The "minimum nuclear deterrence strategy" is the main content of the British nuclear strategy and the basis of the British national security strategy. In particular, the guiding ideology of the British nuclear strategy is to deter security and ensure local security with Western collective security. During the cold war, the Soviet Union and its Hua contract group were mainly targeted, and the cold war had no fixed goals; during the cold war period. In order to destroy the target of the enemy's big cities and the soft targets, the point target is the British nuclear power strategy after the cold war. To adhere to the limited scale, the effective deterrence principle and the development of the single strategic nuclear power is the nuclear power development strategy in the 60s.20 century by the original colony as a global nuclear force. In 1970s, The main content of the British nuclear arms control policy is to advocate nuclear disarmament and international control of atomic energy, actively participate in international multilateral nuclear arms control treaties, and promote the negotiations on nuclear disarmament of the United States and the Soviet Union.
Compared with the nuclear strategy of other nuclear countries in the world, Britain's nuclear strategy has its own distinctive features, mainly reflected in its asymmetric interdependence with the United States, focusing on defensive nature, emphasizing alliance, ambiguity and retaliation. These characteristics reflect the strategic pursuit and realistic predicament of a falling country, and deeply hit it. On the brand of their own national culture, especially the strategic culture.
The British nuclear decision-making mechanism is also unique. In the early cold war, in the harsh war environment and the sharp confrontation between the East and the west, Britain paid more attention to the secrets of the atomic energy decision. The prime minister and his chancellor, with a small number of atomic energy advisory committees, constituted the core of the early British nuclear decision. The cabinet is the core decision-making body, the parliament is an important decision-making body, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of defense, the Ministry of foreign affairs and the Federal Affairs Department also play an important role. The relevant civilian officials in the administration have an important impact on the whole policy formulation, including the nuclear policy. The result of the balance of the interests of the family is restricted by the international environment, the leading role of the political party, the binding of the economic conditions, the influence of the public opinion and the deep influence of the strategic culture.
Since the end of the cold war, after the end of the cold war, the British domestic people and the political upper level have maintained "independence" on the British nuclear strategy, or is it entirely dependent on the United States, whether the effect of the British nuclear deterrence is effective, the independence of Scotland on the British nuclear strategy, the British as a The widespread discussion of what the permanent members of the Security Council have played in nuclear disarmament has aroused wide attention. The reemergence of these problems reflects the difficulties faced by the British nuclear strategy in the new period, and the prospect is unclear.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:G451
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