本文選題：青少年焦慮 + 家庭功能��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：青少年處于生命中特殊的過渡期，身心發(fā)展的矛盾性使得青少年焦慮成為最顯著、最普遍的情緒反應(yīng)。如果這些焦慮情緒得不到干預(yù)，便可能影響青少年的日常生活，進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)化為焦慮障礙，甚至持續(xù)至成年期，影響其一生的發(fā)展。發(fā)展精神病理學(xué)從多學(xué)科綜合的角度出發(fā)，提出了影響兒童焦慮發(fā)展的交互作用路徑，其中家庭功能與依戀質(zhì)量是兩個(gè)重要的方面。雖然已有大量研究探討了家庭功能、依戀質(zhì)量與兒童焦慮的關(guān)系，但對(duì)青少年焦慮、依戀及家庭問題的研究仍比較缺乏，同時(shí)對(duì)這三者的關(guān)系也無直接的相關(guān)研究。 為此，，本論文在對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行詳盡綜述的基礎(chǔ)上，從家庭背景及父母、同伴依戀質(zhì)量方面綜合考察青少年焦慮的發(fā)展，以期探查出青少年焦慮產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的某些危險(xiǎn)與保護(hù)性因素以及家庭功能、依戀質(zhì)量與青少年焦慮間復(fù)雜的路徑關(guān)系，從而為家庭與學(xué)校教育提供有效的干預(yù)措施，減輕或消除青少年過度焦慮，使其平穩(wěn)過渡到成年期。 本研究從臨沂市費(fèi)縣一所高中、四所初中共抽取有效被試907名，以《Spence兒童焦慮量表》、《家庭功能量表》與《父母、同伴依戀關(guān)系量表》為研究工具對(duì)其進(jìn)行測(cè)查，并得出如下結(jié)論： 1、青少年焦慮障礙發(fā)生率為15%左右，其中初中二年級(jí)是焦慮問題最集中且水平最高的時(shí)期。女性青少年較男性青少年報(bào)告了更高的焦慮水平。在具體的焦慮癥狀中，社交恐懼與強(qiáng)迫沖動(dòng)障礙水平最高，是青少年最為突出的焦慮問題；廣泛性焦慮雖然水平上較社交恐懼、強(qiáng)迫沖動(dòng)障礙低但是與其他焦慮癥狀相關(guān)較高且相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，也是青少年發(fā)展中不可忽視的情緒問題；分離焦慮、恐慌-廣場(chǎng)恐怖癥與軀體傷害恐懼水平相對(duì)較低，已不再是青少年發(fā)展中的主要焦慮問題，但恐慌-廣場(chǎng)恐怖癥在焦慮水平較高的青少年中比較突出。 2、青少年在發(fā)展中存在較多的家庭問題，其中以初中二年級(jí)最為集中。家庭功能對(duì)青少年焦慮具有顯著預(yù)測(cè)作用，存在的家庭問題越多，青少年的焦慮水平越高。在家庭功能的諸維度中，角色與溝通對(duì)青少年焦慮的預(yù)測(cè)最為顯著，家庭成員間較少或無效的溝通與混亂的角色任務(wù)分工成為青少年焦慮發(fā)展中的危險(xiǎn)性因素。 3、青少年與父親、母親依戀的質(zhì)量在下降，與同伴依戀的質(zhì)量在上升。依戀對(duì)青少年焦慮具有預(yù)測(cè)作用。依戀質(zhì)量越高，青少年存在的焦慮問題越少。父親依戀中的溝通維度是青少年焦慮發(fā)展中的保護(hù)性因素，與同伴的疏離則是青少年焦慮發(fā)展中的危險(xiǎn)因素。母親依戀主要通過同伴依戀間接影響青少年焦慮問題，父親依戀既可以直接影響青少年焦慮，又可以通過同伴依戀間接影響青少年焦慮。 4、依戀質(zhì)量在家庭功能對(duì)青少年焦慮的影響中起部分中介作用。一方面家庭功能直接影響青少年焦慮的發(fā)展，另一方面通過依戀關(guān)系間接影響青少年焦慮。
[Abstract]:Adolescents are in a special transition period, the contradiction of physical and mental development makes adolescent anxiety become the most significant and the most common emotional response. If these anxieties are not interfered with, they may affect the daily life of teenagers, further transform into anxiety disorders, and even continue into adulthood, and affect their development in life. The development of psychopathology from the perspective of multi-disciplinary synthesis proposed an interactive path to affect the development of children's anxiety, among which family function and attachment quality are two important aspects. Although a large number of studies have explored the relationship between family function, attachment quality and children's anxiety, there are still few researches on adolescent anxiety, attachment and family problems, and there is no direct correlation between them. Therefore, on the basis of a detailed review of relevant literature, this paper comprehensively examines the development of adolescent anxiety from the aspects of family background, parents' attachment quality and peer attachment quality. In order to find out some dangerous and protective factors and family function, the complex path relationship between attachment quality and adolescent anxiety, so as to provide effective intervention measures for family and school education. Reduce or eliminate excessive anxiety among adolescents and ensure a smooth transition to adulthood. In this study, 907 effective subjects were selected from a senior high school and four junior high schools in Fei County, Linyi City, and were investigated with the Spence Children anxiety scale, the Family function scale and the Parental and Peer attachment scale. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The incidence of anxiety disorder is about 15%, and the second grade of junior high school is the most concentrated and the highest level of anxiety. Female adolescents reported higher levels of anxiety than male adolescents. Among the specific anxiety symptoms, social fear and compulsive disturbance are the most prominent anxiety problems in adolescents, while the level of generalized anxiety is higher than that of social fear. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is relatively stable and high in relation to other anxiety symptoms, is also an emotional problem that can not be ignored in the development of adolescents, and the level of fear of separating anxiety, panic-square phobia and body injury is relatively low. It is no longer the main anxiety problem in the development of teenagers, but panic square phobia is more prominent among the teenagers with higher anxiety level. 2. There are more family problems in the development of teenagers, especially in the second grade of junior high school. Family function has a significant predictive effect on adolescent anxiety. The more family problems exist, the higher the anxiety level of adolescents is. Among the dimensions of family function, role and communication are the most significant predictors of adolescent anxiety. The less or ineffective communication among family members and the confused division of roles and tasks become the risk factors in the development of adolescent anxiety. 3. The quality of attachment between adolescent and father, mother and mother is declining, and the quality of attachment with peers is on the rise. Attachment can predict adolescent anxiety. The higher the attachment quality, the less anxiety problems adolescents have. The dimension of communication in father attachment is the protective factor in the development of adolescent anxiety, and alienation from peers is the risk factor in the development of adolescent anxiety. Mother attachment indirectly affects adolescent anxiety mainly through peer attachment, while father attachment can directly affect adolescent anxiety. The quality of attachment plays an intermediary role in the influence of family function on adolescent anxiety. On the one hand, family function directly affects the development of adolescent anxiety, on the other hand, it indirectly affects adolescent anxiety through attachment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：B844.2

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本文編號(hào)：2093151