本文選題：現(xiàn)代性教育 + 古典教育��； 參考：《南京師范大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：教育哲學是探尋教育本性(自然)的嘗試。教育哲學的首要問題是何謂教育真理的問題,是評判現(xiàn)實教育對與錯、好與壞的依據(jù)問題。它尋求回答的核心問題是：什么是正確的教育?或者更確切地說,什么是自然正確的教育?教育的自然就是指教育的“形式”或“相”,它指稱教育“永遠是”的東西。追問“什么是正確的教育”就是追問教育的自然本性。只有符合自然的教育才是絕對正確或正當?shù)摹?人類自產(chǎn)生之日起就面對著永恒不變的基本問題與根本主題。教育作為一種靈魂塑造的實踐,它就是要引導受教育者正視和解決這個人類的永恒主題——蘇格拉底問題,即“人應該如何生活”,“什么才是最值得過的生活”。古典教育追問教育自然正確,旨在為教育尋找某種“確定性”的東西。教育自然正確相對于教育習俗主義而言,具有恒定性、根基性和初始性。它是一種理性事實,是需要教育哲學去發(fā)現(xiàn)和辯明的內(nèi)在邏輯。教育自然正確是人類教育的終極價值標準。 現(xiàn)代性教育把“自然正確”理解為“自然權利”�，F(xiàn)代性教育放棄了絕對價值的追尋和對人的價值引導,修正了對教育自然正確的最初理解,從而導致現(xiàn)代性教育危機——精神貧困與價值虛無。因此,要超克現(xiàn)代性教育危機就必須理解這種修正本身。而要理解這種修正本身,必須回到現(xiàn)代性之前的古典教育對教育自然正確的原初理解。要克服現(xiàn)代性教育所遭致的虛無主義,必須跳出現(xiàn)代理性的局限,復歸古典理性對教育的自然正確的追尋,探尋一種價值上的終極標準從而為現(xiàn)實教育奠基。 教育自然正確作為一種教育承諾——人的德性和過美好生活的承諾,只存在于言辭之中。它作為一種“抗毒劑”,可以抵御技術加諸于人類精神的種種毀滅性威脅。它與教育習俗主義處于永恒的沖突之中�，F(xiàn)實中,被習俗脅迫的教育注定了它的悲劇性命運�，F(xiàn)實教育應該以一種謙卑和迫不得已的態(tài)度,謹守次好的教育。這要求教育要有一種悲劇意識和牛虻精神。悲劇意識是教育反抗的“藥引”,它可使教育擺脫時代的浮躁與物欲而保持人的高貴與卓越。牛虻精神促使教育“回到事情本身”,去除時代加諸于它的種種扭曲而直指人的美好生活。通過教育反抗,回歸到古典教育所追問的自然正確的絕對價值中來,從而超克現(xiàn)代性教育的價值無根性困境�！敖逃纯埂弊鳛橐环N生活方式,意味著對“教育承諾”的堅守。通過開展自由教育,重審蘇格拉底問題,重申生活中最重要的東西和最值得過的生活,以抵御技術對人類靈魂的腐蝕,認真對待德性以實現(xiàn)人性的卓越與優(yōu)秀。
[Abstract]:Educational philosophy is an attempt to explore the nature of education (nature).The first question of educational philosophy is the question of what educational truth is, and the basis of judging the right and wrong, good and bad of practical education.The central question it seeks to answer is: what is the right education?Or rather, what is the natural right education?The nature of education refers to the "form" or "phase" of education, which refers to what education is always.To ask what is the right education is to ask about the natural nature of education.Only natural education is absolutely correct or just.Since its birth, mankind has been confronted with fundamental problems and fundamental themes that remain unchanged.Education, as a kind of soul-shaping practice, is to guide the educatee to face up to and solve the eternal theme of human being-Socrates' problem, that is, "how people should live" and "what is the most worthwhile life".Classical education is naturally correct in order to find something certain for education.The nature of education is consistent, fundamental and initial in relation to educational traditionalism.It is a rational fact and an internal logic that requires educational philosophy to discover and identify.The natural correctness of education is the ultimate value standard of human education.Modernity education interprets "natural right" as "natural right".Modernity education gives up the pursuit of absolute value and the guidance of human value, and corrects the original understanding of the nature of education, which leads to the crisis of modern education-spiritual poverty and nihilism.Therefore, in order to exceed the educational crisis of modernity, we must understand the correction itself.In order to understand the correction itself, we must go back to the original understanding of education in classical education before modernity.In order to overcome nihilism caused by modern education, we must jump out of the limitation of modern reason, return to the natural and correct pursuit of classical reason, and explore a kind of ultimate standard in value so as to lay the foundation for realistic education.Education is naturally correct as an educational commitment-the promise of virtue and a good life, only in words.As an antidote, it can resist the destructive threats imposed by technology on the human spirit.It is in the eternal conflict with the educational custom doctrine.In reality, the education coerced by custom doomed its tragic fate.Realistic education should be humble and forced to follow a second-best education.This requires education to have a sense of tragedy and gadfly spirit.The tragic consciousness is the "medicine lead" of educational resistance, it can make education get rid of the impetuous and material desire of the times and keep man's nobility and excellence.The spirit of Gadfly urges education to "return to the matter itself" and to remove all the distortions imposed by the times on the good life of man.Through educational resistance, it returns to the natural correct absolute value pursued by classical education, thus transcending the value of modern education without roots.Education revolt as a way of life means the commitment to education.Through carrying out free education, reviewing the question of Socrates, reaffirming the most important things in life and the most worth living, in order to resist the erosion of human soul by technology, and to take morality seriously to realize the excellence and excellence of human nature.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G40-02

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