本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海南 農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化 教育移民 政策　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海南成立經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)20年來,旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)帶動(dòng)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的作用越來越明顯。但由于海南農(nóng)村密度小、人口素質(zhì)偏低、城鎮(zhèn)化水平不高,海南城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與旅游業(yè)發(fā)展極不適應(yīng)。為了更好地服務(wù)海南國(guó)際旅游島發(fā)展的大局,海南需要有足夠的農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化。在探索農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化的進(jìn)程中,海南省昌江縣王下鄉(xiāng)率先探索并實(shí)施的“教育移民”,讓貧困子弟走出大山進(jìn)城讀書。這一舉措不但整合了教育資源、提高了教育質(zhì)量、推動(dòng)了教育均衡發(fā)展,而且也在一定的程度上保護(hù)了熱帶雨林生態(tài),對(duì)海南省的農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化和教育發(fā)展具有重要意義,因而得到了海南省政府的充分肯定并予以推廣。教育移民的推廣需要政策作支撐,這便構(gòu)成了海南省教育移民政策產(chǎn)生的背景。 海南教育移民政策的形成是海南政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。它經(jīng)歷了開展聯(lián)合調(diào)研、啟動(dòng)移民工程以及全面建設(shè)思源實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校等幾個(gè)階段。2007年7-8月,由海南省委政研室牽頭,海南省教育廳、財(cái)政廳、民宗廳和扶貧辦等相關(guān)部門共同組成了聯(lián)合調(diào)研組,赴瓊中、昌江、屯昌、白沙、五指山等市縣進(jìn)行了半個(gè)月的實(shí)地調(diào)研,并形成了《海南省“教育移民”情況的調(diào)研報(bào)告》。在這份報(bào)告的指導(dǎo)下,海南教育移民工程正式啟動(dòng),教育移民政策也不斷完善。全面建設(shè)思源實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校,標(biāo)志著海南教育移民政策進(jìn)入一個(gè)全新的階段。然而,在海南省教育移民政策運(yùn)行過程中,隱藏在“教育移民”背后的一系列政策問題也逐漸顯露出來。主要表現(xiàn)為教育移民政策的價(jià)值取向扭曲、教育移民政策的內(nèi)容不完善、教育移民政策執(zhí)行中存在文化沖突以及教育移民政策執(zhí)行效果評(píng)估缺失等等。 教育移民政策背后有著深刻的學(xué)理依據(jù)。首先是教育移民政策的價(jià)值取向。教育移民政策作為一項(xiàng)公共政策,必須確保教育公平,讓弱勢(shì)群體公平地享有教育資源,避免他們由于非自身因素導(dǎo)致的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)的不平等；同時(shí)還要盡可能地減少教育移民的支出,始終保持教育移民政策公平與效率的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。其次,教育移民政策有著自身的結(jié)構(gòu),包括問題結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)和條件結(jié)構(gòu)。問題結(jié)構(gòu)為教育移民政策的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ),目標(biāo)結(jié)構(gòu)為教育移民政策的形成確立了方向,條件結(jié)構(gòu)為教育移民政策的形成提供了保證。再次,教育移民政策有著自身的執(zhí)行模式和效果評(píng)估方式。教育移民政策執(zhí)行模式應(yīng)該整合自上而下和自下而上兩種政策執(zhí)行模式,而執(zhí)行效果如何則需要進(jìn)行評(píng)估。教育移民政策的評(píng)估要考慮方案與受眾結(jié)構(gòu)的變動(dòng)是否適應(yīng)、教育移民政策方案是否獲得的社會(huì)認(rèn)同、教育移民政策方案之間是否匹配、教育移民政策方案對(duì)于解決問題是否適中以及教育移民政策方案的設(shè)計(jì)是否符合執(zhí)行者的實(shí)際狀況等問題。 當(dāng)然,教育移民政策的目標(biāo)能否順利實(shí)現(xiàn),最終取決于教育移民政策制定和實(shí)施路徑的選擇。首先,轉(zhuǎn)變教育移民政策理念,使教育移民政策從“增長(zhǎng)至上”的發(fā)展主義走向“以人為本”和“文化認(rèn)同”的人本主義,在此基礎(chǔ)上,要建立海南全省的教育移民財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度,確保教育移民經(jīng)費(fèi)。同時(shí),健全教育移民政策的管理體制和利益表達(dá)機(jī)制,以便在教育移民政策制定和實(shí)施的過程中,充分發(fā)揮教育移民政策主體的精神自覺,讓教育移民政策主體進(jìn)行更好的自我調(diào)節(jié)以應(yīng)對(duì)教育移民政策中的不確定因素,消解教育移民政策中的阻抗,形成教育移民政策合力。最后,建立教育移民政策補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,實(shí)現(xiàn)教育移民政策執(zhí)行過程中的“弱勢(shì)補(bǔ)償”,及時(shí)糾正教育移民政策制定和執(zhí)行過程中的各種偏差。
[Abstract]:Hainan special economic zone was established in 20 years, the tourism industry and promote the development of related industries more obvious. But because of the Hainan rural low density, low quality of the population, the urbanization level is not high, the development of Hainan urban and rural development and the tourism industry can not adapt to the situation. In order to better serve the Hainan international tourism island development, Hainan needs to have enough of the urbanization in rural areas. In the exploration of rural urbanization, Changjiang County of Hainan Province Wang to the countryside to explore and implement the "education of immigrants", let the poor children out of the mountains into the city to study. This measure not only the integration of educational resources, improve the quality of education, promote the balanced development of education, but also protect the tropical the rain forest in a certain extent, has important significance of rural urbanization in Hainan province development and education, which has been fully affirmed by the Hainan provincial government and to promote education shift. The promotion of the people needs the support of the policy, which constitutes the background of the education immigration policy in Hainan.
The formation of educational immigration policy in Hainan Hainan is the political, economic and social development of the product. It has to carry out joint research, start the resettlement project and the comprehensive construction of the source experimental school stages.2007 years 7-8 months, led by the Hainan provincial policy research office, Hainan Provincial Department of education, Department of finance, Department of civil cases and Poverty Alleviation Office etc. the Department jointly formed a joint research group, went to Qiongzhong, Tunchang, Changjiang, white sand, Five Fingers Group and other cities and counties to carry out on-the-spot investigation for half a month, and the formation of the "Hainan Province Education immigration report. In the report under the guidance of Hainan education immigration project officially started, the immigration policy also constantly improve education. The comprehensive construction of the source experimental school education, marking the immigration policy of Hainan has entered a new stage. However, in Hainan Province, education and immigration policy in the process of operation, hidden in the" educational immigrants "behind A series of policy problems have also been gradually revealed. It is mainly manifested in the distortion of the value orientation of educational immigration policy, the imperfection of educational immigration policy, the cultural conflict in the implementation of educational immigration policy, and the lack of evaluation on the implementation effect of educational immigration policy.
Behind the education immigration policy has a profound theoretical basis. The first is the value orientation of education immigration policies. As a public policy education and immigration policy, must ensure that the education fair, equitable access to vulnerable groups to education resources, avoid them because of opportunities for the development of non self factors lead to inequality; at the same time to reduce as much as possible immigration education expenditure, always keep the dynamic balance of education fairness and efficiency of the immigration policy. Secondly, education and immigration policy has its own structure, including the structure, structure and condition of target structure. Laid the foundation for the formation of the education structure of immigration policy, the target structure form the direction of education, immigration policy, provide conditions the structure for the formation of education immigration policy guarantee. Thirdly, education has a way to assess immigration policy execution mode and effect of education and immigration policy itself. The execution model should integrate top-down and bottom-up implementation models of two kinds of policies, and the effect of implementing the assessment should be conducted. The educational evaluation of immigration policy to consider whether the changes of audience structure scheme and adapt to the social identity, education and immigration policy scheme is obtained, whether between education and immigration policy, immigration policy plan, education scheme for solving the problem of whether the problem whether moderate immigration policy and design education program in line with the actual situation of the performer.
Of course, the smooth realization of the goal of education and immigration policy, ultimately depends on the education of immigration policy and implementation path choice. First, change the educational idea of immigration policy, immigration policy to education development doctrine from the "growth first" to "people-oriented" and "cultural identity" humanism, on this basis, to the establishment of Hainan province's education system of immigrant financial transfer payment, to ensure the education of migrant funds. At the same time, improve the education and immigration management system and the benefit expression mechanism, so that in the process of developing education and the implementation of the immigration policy, give full play to the education of immigration policy subject consciousness, make education immigration policy subject to better self regulation to determine the factors of coping education immigration policy, immigration policy in the education of impedance digestion, the formation of educational immigration policy together. Finally, establish education immigration The policy compensation mechanism can realize the "disadvantaged compensation" in the process of the implementation of the education immigration policy, and correct the various deviations in the process of making and executing the education immigration policy in time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G521

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