【摘要】：斯塔羅斯金與鄭張尚芳的上古擬音體系是近年來(lái)上古音研究中引起海內(nèi)外外同行注意的最新成果，此二者與白一平的上古擬音體系并稱(chēng)為新起三家。斯氏1989年在莫斯科出版的《古代漢語(yǔ)音系的構(gòu)擬》一書(shū)是其在上古音研究方面的代表作。鄭張尚芳先生的《上古音系》(2003)是其在上古音方面的集大成之作，此書(shū)的主要觀點(diǎn)已在先生1981—1995年的論文中陸續(xù)發(fā)表了。兩位學(xué)者的主要觀點(diǎn)不僅發(fā)表時(shí)間接近，，而且在材料運(yùn)用、研究方法和結(jié)論上都有許多相同之處。斯氏在漢藏比較方面眼界開(kāi)闊，材料豐富，比較的范圍相當(dāng)廣博。鄭張先生則在國(guó)學(xué)功底和本語(yǔ)言方言方面更占優(yōu)勢(shì)，且同樣重視漢藏比較。他們發(fā)揮各自特長(zhǎng)對(duì)前人的擬音系統(tǒng)加以改訂，提出新的構(gòu)擬系統(tǒng)。 本文將對(duì)這兩位學(xué)者的上古音系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面、細(xì)致的比較研究，辨別異同，判斷是非，以期有助于我們?cè)谏瞎乓粞芯恐羞_(dá)成更多共識(shí)。 一、上古聲母 同：1．二者都構(gòu)擬了一套清鼻流音聲母，斯氏把它們表示成：(?)鄭張先生則表示成hm、hn、h(?)、hl、hr。 2．都把來(lái)母擬為r，以母擬為l。 3．都把清母的早期上古音擬為擦音sh。 4．二者的上古聲母系統(tǒng)中都有一套唇化舌根音、喉音。 異：1．斯氏同某些學(xué)者一樣只構(gòu)擬了一套清鼻流音聲母，鄭張先生則構(gòu)擬了兩套清鼻流音聲母，另一套為mh[(?)~h]、nh[(?)~h]、(?)h[(?)~h]、rh[(?)~h]、lh[(?)~h]。 2．斯氏認(rèn)為上古濁聲母全部有送氣、不送氣的對(duì)立(包括鼻流音、半元音)，而鄭張先生濁聲母只擬了一套不送氣聲母。 3．二者所構(gòu)擬的影、曉、匣、云的上古形式分歧較大。 4．二者對(duì)精組字上古形式的處理不同。 5．二者對(duì)上古有無(wú)邊塞擦音的看法不同，斯氏擬了一套邊塞擦音：(?)。 5．鄭張先生構(gòu)擬的復(fù)聲母數(shù)量更多、種類(lèi)更豐富些，劃分得也更細(xì)膩。 二、上古韻母 1．介音 同：1) 上古只有3個(gè)介音：w、j、r，上古沒(méi)有元音性介音。 2) 都認(rèn)為發(fā)展為中古二等的字全帶介音r，發(fā)展為中古莊組的三等字和重紐B類(lèi)字也都帶介音r。r在二者的上古系統(tǒng)里分布大致一致。 異：1) 二者對(duì)介音w最早出現(xiàn)的時(shí)期看法不同。 2) 輔音性的介音j在二者的系統(tǒng)里分布也有區(qū)別，鄭張先生的章系及邪母帶j，斯氏不帶。 2．元音長(zhǎng)短和“等”
[Abstract]:The ancient phonetic system of Stars Ruskin and Zheng Zhang Shangfang is the latest achievement in the study of ancient sound which has attracted the attention of foreign counterparts at home and abroad in recent years. These two systems and Bai Yiping's ancient phonetic system are called three new ones. The masterpiece of the study of the Ancient Chinese Phonetics, published in Moscow in 1989, is his masterpiece of the study of ancient Chinese phonology. Zheng Zhang Shangfang's "Ancient Phonetics" (2003) is his masterpiece in the field of ancient phonology. The main viewpoints of this book have been published in his papers from 1981 to 1995. The main viewpoints of the two scholars are not only close to each other, but also have many similarities in the application of materials, research methods and conclusions. Si in the Han-Tibetan comparison of broad horizons, rich in materials, the scope of comparison is quite broad. Zheng Zhang has more advantages in Chinese studies and this language, and pays equal attention to the comparison between Chinese and Tibetan. They gave full play to their strong points to revise the previous phonetic system and put forward a new structure system. This paper will make a comprehensive and detailed comparative study of the ancient phonetic system of these two scholars, distinguish the similarities and differences, judge whether it is wrong or not, in order to help us to reach more consensus in the study of the ancient sound. First, the ancient consonant is the same as the first one. Both of them have constructed a set of purgatory nasal consonants, which are expressed as: (?) Mr. Zheng Zhang expressed it as hm,hn,h (?) hllhlhr. 2. Both of them put the mother as r and the mother as l. 3. The early ancient sound of Qing mother was modeled as sh. 4. Both of them had a set of lipalized tongue root sound in their ancient consonant system. Larynx. Like some scholars, Sze constructed only one set of clear nasal flow consonants, while Mr. Zheng Zhang constructed two sets of clear nasal flow consonants. Another set is mh [(?) h] nh [(?) h], (?) h [(?) h] RH [(?) h] lh [(?) h] 2.Sch thinks that all the ancient turbid consonants have the opposite of exhalation (including rhinorrhagia). The semi-vowel), and Mr. Zheng Zhang's turbid consonant has only drawn up a set of unaspirated consonants. 3. The ancient forms of cloud are different. 4. 5. The two have different views on whether or not there was a border erasure in ancient times. Mr. Zheng Zhang constructed more complex initials, more varieties, and more fine division. II. The vowel of the ancient times is the same as 1: 1) there are only three in ancient times In ancient times, there was no vowel sound. 2) all the characters developed into middle-ancient second-class words with intermediate sound rs, and developed into the third-class characters of the middle-ancient Zhuang formation and the heavy-new characters of the middle-ancient Zhuang formation Class B characters also have a similar distribution of r. R in the ancient system. (2) the distribution of consonant diatonic j in their systems is also different. Mr. Zheng Zhang's zodiac system and evil mother band js not wear. 2. Vowel length and "etc."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H01

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