【摘要】：進入21世紀以來,我國經(jīng)濟取得了舉世矚目的成就,越來越多的高校也開始擴大招生規(guī)模,這促使我國大學(xué)畢業(yè)生人數(shù)年年攀升,就業(yè)形勢也逐漸變得嚴峻,大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的問題已引起了社會的普遍關(guān)注。在此形勢下,各級政府和地方高校紛紛提出要促進大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè),以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。但是現(xiàn)實情況是我國大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)率很低,是什么原因使一些大學(xué)生選擇了創(chuàng)業(yè)而另一些卻沒有,這是由于從創(chuàng)業(yè)意識到創(chuàng)業(yè)活動需要經(jīng)歷一個從“想”到“做”的復(fù)雜心理過程,對這個過程起關(guān)鍵作用的因素就是創(chuàng)業(yè)動力。因此,探究大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的影響因素可以更好的了解大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)者開展創(chuàng)業(yè)活動的動因,從而為繼續(xù)研究大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)提供了很好的切入點。目前在我國創(chuàng)業(yè)大背景下,國內(nèi)專家學(xué)者對于大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的研究更多的是從理論角度進行定性研究,這表明對于創(chuàng)業(yè)活動和創(chuàng)業(yè)動力間的關(guān)系研究不夠深入,并且以往關(guān)于創(chuàng)業(yè)的研究群體并未十分重視受過高等教育的大學(xué)生�；谝陨蠁栴},本研究以創(chuàng)業(yè)動力影響因素的相關(guān)理論為基點,以山西省各類普通高等學(xué)校的全日制在校本科生為研究目標群體,對目前我國大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的影響因素進行理論模型構(gòu)建,并進行驗證,以理論模型為依據(jù),編制大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力影響因素調(diào)查問卷作為研究基本工具,得出數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果�？偨Y(jié)研究結(jié)論表明:(1)大學(xué)生外部創(chuàng)業(yè)動力對大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的影響更大、顯著性水平更高;創(chuàng)業(yè)能力、創(chuàng)業(yè)扶持政策和創(chuàng)業(yè)文化對大學(xué)生外部創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的影響程度最大;創(chuàng)業(yè)教育和成就動機對大學(xué)生內(nèi)部創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的影響程度最大,這一結(jié)論進一步明確了大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的關(guān)鍵影響因素以及各影響因素對大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的影響程度;(2)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力在性別和生源地方面不存在顯著差異,在就讀院校、專業(yè)類別、年級、家庭年收入方面存在顯著差異,就讀院校方面,211院校其他院校;專業(yè)類別方面,文科理科;年級方面,大四大一大二大三;家庭年收入方面,6-10萬10-15萬3-6萬15萬以上3萬以下。根據(jù)以上研究結(jié)論,本文從五大方面提出了針對提高大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力的對策建議:完善資金扶持政策,提供創(chuàng)業(yè)保障;建立創(chuàng)業(yè)機構(gòu)平臺,完善創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù);改進教學(xué)培養(yǎng)模式,加強創(chuàng)業(yè)教育;營造創(chuàng)業(yè)文化氛圍,提供鼓勵支持;增強自身綜合素質(zhì),提高創(chuàng)業(yè)自信。本文的研究結(jié)論和對策建議均為提高大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)動力、促進大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)活動提供理論支撐和方法啟示,也為繼續(xù)研究大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)帶來了新思路,對促進更多大學(xué)生實現(xiàn)自主創(chuàng)業(yè),化解大學(xué)生不易就業(yè)的難題具有顯著的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, and more colleges and universities have begun to expand their enrollment scale. This has made the number of college graduates in China climb year after year, and the employment situation has gradually become grim. The difficult employment of college students has aroused the general concern of the society. In this situation, all levels of government and local colleges and universities have proposed to promote college students to start a business, so as to promote employment. But the reality is that Chinese college students have a very low rate of entrepreneurship. What causes some college students to choose to start a business while others do not? This is because from entrepreneurial awareness to entrepreneurial activities need to experience a complex psychological process from "thinking" to "doing", the key factor in this process is entrepreneurial motivation. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation can better understand the motivation of college students' entrepreneurial activities, thus providing a good starting point for continuing research on college students' entrepreneurial activities. At present, under the background of entrepreneurship in China, the research of college students' entrepreneurship by domestic experts and scholars is more qualitative from the perspective of theory, which indicates that the research on the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurial motivation is not deep enough. And the previous research group on entrepreneurship did not attach great importance to the higher education of college students. Based on the above problems, this study is based on the theory of influencing factors of entrepreneurial motivation, and aims at the full-time undergraduate students of all kinds of colleges and universities in Shanxi Province as the target group. This paper constructs and validates the theoretical model of the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation at present. Based on the theoretical model, the questionnaire on the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation is compiled as the basic research tool, and the results of data analysis are obtained. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the external entrepreneurial motivation of college students has a greater impact on the entrepreneurial motivation of college students, and the degree of influence of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial support policy and entrepreneurial culture on the external entrepreneurial motivation of college students is the greatest, and the influence of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial support policy and entrepreneurial culture is the greatest. Entrepreneurship education and achievement motivation have the greatest influence on college students' internal entrepreneurial motivation. This conclusion further clarifies the key influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation and the degree of influence of each influencing factor on college students' entrepreneurial motivation. (2) there is no significant difference in gender and origin of students' entrepreneurial motivation, but there are significant differences in school, major category, grade, family income, other colleges and universities in 211 colleges and universities, while there are no significant differences in the motivation of students' entrepreneurship in terms of gender and the origin of their students. Major categories, liberal arts and science; grade, four, one, two, three; family income, 6- one hundred thousand 10- one hundred and fifty thousand 3-615 million more than 30, 000 or less. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward five countermeasures to improve college students' entrepreneurial motivation: perfecting fund supporting policy, providing entrepreneurial security, establishing entrepreneurial organization platform and perfecting entrepreneurial service; Improve the mode of teaching and training, strengthen entrepreneurship education, create an atmosphere of entrepreneurship culture, provide encouragement and support, enhance their comprehensive quality, improve self-confidence in entrepreneurship. The conclusions and suggestions of this paper provide theoretical support and methodological inspiration for improving college students' entrepreneurial motivation and promoting college students' entrepreneurial activities, and also bring new ideas for continuing research on college students' entrepreneurship. It is of great practical significance to promote more college students to realize independent entrepreneurship and to solve the difficult problem of difficult employment of college students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G647.38

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