【摘要】：隨著高等教育擴(kuò)招政策的實(shí)施,我國(guó)高等教育事業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,已經(jīng)從精英教育步入大眾化教育階段,整個(gè)高等教育系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)多樣化趨勢(shì)。高等教育大眾化在很大程度上滿足了廣大人民群眾日益增長(zhǎng)的接受高等教育需要,有效緩和了高等教育供需矛盾。然而,高等教育規(guī)模擴(kuò)大、高等教育入學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)增長(zhǎng)并不意味著高等教育公平問(wèn)題得到解決,在媒體輿論報(bào)道中常看到諸如:處于精英階層家庭的子女更容易上大學(xué)、有錢(qián)人家的孩子上大學(xué)更容易、“寒門(mén)再難出貴子”等消息。在這樣的背景下,需要重新審視高等教育公平問(wèn)題,思考看似數(shù)量增加的高等教育機(jī)會(huì)被誰(shuí)獲得了?有限的優(yōu)質(zhì)高等教育資源又被誰(shuí)獲得了?哪些因素影響著高等教育機(jī)會(huì)的獲得?本研究在文化資本理論、社會(huì)資本理論基礎(chǔ)上,將可能影響高等教育機(jī)會(huì)獲得的家庭資本劃分為家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)資本、家庭文化資本、家庭社會(huì)資本三個(gè)維度、多個(gè)指標(biāo),運(yùn)用自編調(diào)查問(wèn)卷和訪談提綱作為測(cè)量工具,對(duì)重慶市十所不同層次類型的高等院校學(xué)生進(jìn)行抽樣調(diào)查和訪談,采用定性與定量研究相結(jié)合、文獻(xiàn)與實(shí)地調(diào)研材料相結(jié)合的方法,了解分析家庭資本對(duì)高等教育機(jī)會(huì)獲得的影響情況。在對(duì)所獲數(shù)據(jù)和材料進(jìn)行分析后,發(fā)現(xiàn):家庭資本對(duì)個(gè)體高等教育機(jī)會(huì)的獲得產(chǎn)生重要影響,其中家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)資本中的收入要素、家庭文化資本中的父母受教育程度要素、家庭社會(huì)資本中的父母職業(yè)階層要素,對(duì)學(xué)生獲得高等教育機(jī)會(huì)影響最深刻,擁有較多家庭資本的學(xué)生在高等教育機(jī)會(huì)獲得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中擁有更多優(yōu)勢(shì)。對(duì)于社會(huì)公平與正義的追求永遠(yuǎn)是整個(gè)社會(huì)的主流價(jià)值觀�！敖逃鳛閷�(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)流動(dòng)的主要手段,教育公平是社會(huì)公平的基石。”為逐步消弭家庭資本對(duì)高等教育機(jī)會(huì)獲得的負(fù)面影響,提出四條建議:改革收費(fèi)制度,靈活收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);倡導(dǎo)終身學(xué)習(xí),重視家庭教育;促進(jìn)社會(huì)階層流動(dòng),加強(qiáng)底層社會(huì)關(guān)懷;重視教育積累作用,建立基礎(chǔ)教育補(bǔ)償制度。本文的研究是一種嘗試性探索,希望能夠以此為基礎(chǔ),在以后的研究中不斷地進(jìn)行深化。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the policy of enrollment expansion of higher education, the cause of higher education in our country has developed rapidly, which has moved from elite education to popular education, and the whole higher education system is showing a diversified trend. To a great extent, the popularization of higher education meets the increasing needs of the people to receive higher education and effectively alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of higher education. However, the expansion of higher education and the increase in access to higher education do not mean that the issue of equity in higher education is being resolved. Media reports often show that children from elite families are more likely to go to college. It is easier for children with money to go to college. In this context, we need to re-examine the issue of higher education equity, thinking that the number of opportunities for higher education seems to have been increased by whom? Who has obtained the limited resources of high quality higher education? What factors affect access to higher education opportunities? Based on the theory of cultural capital and the theory of social capital, this study divides the family capital which may affect the opportunity of higher education into three dimensions: family economic capital, family cultural capital and family social capital. By using self-made questionnaire and interview outline as a measuring tool, a sample survey and interview were conducted on ten college students of different levels in Chongqing, and the qualitative and quantitative studies were combined. This paper analyzes the influence of family capital on access to higher education by combining literature with field research materials. After analyzing the data and materials obtained, it is found that family capital has an important impact on the access to individual higher education opportunities, including the income factor in the family economic capital, the parental education level factor in the family cultural capital. The factors of the parents' professional class in the family social capital have the most profound influence on the students' access to higher education. The students with more family capital have more advantages in the competition of higher education opportunities. The pursuit of social fairness and justice is the mainstream value of the whole society. "as the main means to realize social mobility, education equity is the cornerstone of social equity." In order to gradually eliminate the negative impact of family capital on the opportunities of higher education, four suggestions are put forward: reforming the charging system, flexible charging standards, advocating lifelong learning, attaching importance to family education, promoting social class mobility and strengthening social care at the bottom; Pay attention to the role of education accumulation, establish a basic education compensation system. The research of this paper is a kind of tentative exploration, hoping to take this as the foundation, carry on the deepening unceasingly in the future research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G649.2

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